保水剂不同施用方式对马铃薯生长和产量的影响

生态学杂志

保水剂不同施用方式对马铃薯生长和产量的影响

黄伟^1,4,张俊花^1,4,朱贵鹏²,张立峰^3,4,刘玉华^3,4

（¹河北北方学院农林科技学院，河北张家口 075000； ^2河北省宣化县农牧局，河北宣化 075131； ³河北农业大学农学院，河北保定 071001； ⁴农业部张北农业资源与生态环境重点野外观测试验站，河北张北 076450）

出版日期:2015-01-10 发布日期:2015-01-10

Effects of different application methods of a water absorbent on the growth and yield of potato.

HUANG Wei^1,4, ZHANG Jun-hua^1,4, ZHU Gui-peng², ZHANG Li-feng^3,4, LIU Yu-hua^3,4

(¹College of Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China; ^2Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau of Xuanhua, Xuanhua 075131, Hebei, China; ³College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China; ⁴Zhangbei Agricultural Resource and Ecological Environment Key Field Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhangjiakou 076450, Hebei, China)

Online:2015-01-10 Published:2015-01-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以马铃薯品种“夏波蒂”为材料，设保水剂穴施、涂层、拌种处理和对照4个处理，分析了保水剂不同施用方式对马铃薯生长及产量的影响。结果表明：施用保水剂有利于提高马铃薯的出苗率和成苗率，以穴施处理的出苗率和成苗率最高，较对照分别提高22%和4%；株高和株幅随生育时期的推进逐渐增大，进入淀粉积累期时，穴施处理的株高显著高于其他处理，比对照提高44%；穴施处理各时期的叶绿素含量最高，维持了植株高水平的光合速率；马铃薯叶片中脯氨酸含量随生育时期的推进逐渐增加，进入淀粉积累期时，对照的脯氨酸含量明显低于拌种处理，而显著高于穴施和涂层处理；各处理叶片中可溶性糖含量先增加后降低，并逐渐向薯块中转移；植株鲜质量、干质量均随生育时期的推进逐渐增加，块茎形成期后增加较快，进入淀粉积累期时，施用保水剂处理的生物量均显著高于对照；穴施处理产量最高，较对照提高57%，其次是涂层处理；施用保水剂处理均利于旱作马铃薯增产。

关键词: 叶绿素荧光, 风箱果, 光合能力, 土壤干旱, 紫叶风箱果

Abstract: We analyzed the effects of applying a water absorbent on the growth and yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Xiabodi). Four treatments were considered, including hole pattern, seed coating, seed dressing with water absorbent, and no water absorbent as the control. The results showed that the emergence rate and seedling rate of potato plants were increased by applying the water absorbent. The emergence rate and seedling rate when the water absorbent was added to the hole were 22% and 4% higher than those in the control, respectively. Plant height and plant width increased as the potato plants grew. The plants grown with water absorbent added to the hole was 44% higher than that of the control during the starch accumulation period. The highest chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate were found for plants grown with water absorbent added to the hole. The proline content of plant tissues increased as plants grew, and was lower in control plants than in that grown with water absorbent added to the hole; the proline content in plants in the other treatments was lower than that in the control. The soluble sugar content first increased and then decreased as sugars were transported into the tubers. The plant fresh weight and dry weight showed similar increasing trends; they increased rapidly after the tuber initiation stage in all treatments. At the starch accumulation stage, the fresh and dry weights were higher in the plants grown with water absorbent than in the control plants. The highest yields were from plants with water absorbent added to the hole (57% higher yield than that of the control), followed by plants grown from seeds coated with the water absorbent. These results showed that addition of water absorbent resulted in higher yields of potato cultivated in the dry environment.

Key words: Physocarpus amurensis, P opulifolius, chlorophyll fluorescence, soil drought, photosynthesis capacity

黄伟1,4,张俊花1,4,朱贵鹏2,张立峰3,4,刘玉华3,4. 保水剂不同施用方式对马铃薯生长和产量的影响[J]. 生态学杂志.

HUANG Wei1,4, ZHANG Jun-hua1,4, ZHU Gui-peng2, ZHANG Li-feng3,4, LIU Yu-hua3,4. Effects of different application methods of a water absorbent on the growth and yield of potato.[J]. cje.

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