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杭州湾南岸海域春秋季浮游动物分布特征与主要环境因子的关系

张冬融1,2,徐佳奕1,徐兆礼1**,陈佳杰1,孙鲁峰1   

  1. 1中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所, 农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室, 上海 200090; 2上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306)
  • 出版日期:2014-08-10 发布日期:2014-08-10

Distribution pattern of zooplankton in the south part of Hangzhou Bay during spring and autumn in relation to main environmental factors.

ZHANG Dong-rong1,2, XU Jia-yi1, XU Zhao-li1**, CHEN Jia-jie1, SUN Lu-feng1   

  1. (1Key and Open Laboratory of Marine and Estuary Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture of China, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China; 2College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China)
  • Online:2014-08-10 Published:2014-08-10

摘要: 2011年9月(秋季)和2012年5月(春季)对杭州湾南岸附近海域(121.60°E—121.85°E,29.95°N—30.24°N)进行了2个航次的海洋综合调查,分析了杭州湾南岸附近海域浮游动物的群落结构、生物量和丰度的分布特征及与主要环境因子的关系。结果表明:该海域浮游动物存在明显的季节变化,春季鉴定到8大类18种,优势种为虫肢歪水蚤(Tortanus vermiculus)、中华华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus sinensis)、中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)、短额刺糠虾(Acanthomysis brevirostris);秋季鉴定到7大类25种,优势种为左突唇角水蚤(Labidocera sinilobata)、百陶箭虫(Sagitta bedoti)、真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)、刺尾角水蚤(Pontella spinicauda);多样性指数(H′)为秋季(1.60)略高于春季(1.56),生物量和丰度为秋季(580.58 mg·m-3和578.88 ind·m-3)远高于春季(61.82 mg·m-3和41.61 ind·m-3);总生物量和总丰度的空间分布由优势种决定,春季总生物量从湾外向湾内近岸增加,秋季沿湾外向湾内近岸一侧和湾外东部水域增加;而总丰度在春季同样表现为从湾外向湾内近岸递增,秋季为向湾内近岸和湾外东部水域增加。逐步回归分析表明,温度和盐度为影响春秋季杭州湾南岸浮游动物分布的主要环境因子。

关键词: 圆叶乌桕, 菜豆树, 蒸腾耗水, 液流密度, 喀斯特

Abstract: To understand the community structure and distribution pattern of zooplankton in the south part of Hangzhou Bay and its response to main environmental factors in different seasons, two oceanographic comprehensive surveys were carried out during the September of 2011 (autumn) and May of 2012 (spring). An obvious seasonal variation was found in species composition of zooplankton. In total, 18 species from 8 groups were identified in spring with Tortanus vermiculus, Sinocalanus sinensis, Calanus sinicus, and Acanthomysis brevirostris being the dominant species, and 25 species from 7 groups were identified in autumn with Labidocera sinilobata, Sagitta bedoti, Labidocera euchaeta, and Pontella spinicauda being the dominant species. The Shannon diversity index of zooplankton was higher in autumn (1.60) than in spring (1.56), while the average biomass and abundance in autumn (580.58 mg·m-3 and 578.88 ind·m-3) were significantly higher than those in spring (61.82 mg·m-3 and 41.61 ind·m-3). The distribution patterns of biomass and abundance were mainly determined by the dominant species, which was related to ocean currents. In spring, both the biomass and the abundance increased gradually from outside the bay to inshore. In autumn, the biomass and the abundance increased from outside the bay to inshore and eastern area outside the bay. The correlation between community structure of zooplankton and environmental variables, calculated by the stepwise regression analysis, indicated that temperature and salinity were the two most important factors influencing the distribution pattern of zooplankton in the south part of Hangzhou Bay.

Key words: Karst, Radermachera sinica, Triadica rotundifolia, sap flow density, transpiration water consumption