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亏缺灌溉对大棚甜瓜果实发育及品质影响

原保忠1**,千晶晶1,别之龙2,康跃虎3   

  1. 1华中农业大学植物科学技术学院, 武汉 430070; 2华中农业大学园艺林学学院, 武汉 430070; 3中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101)
  • 出版日期:2014-08-10 发布日期:2014-08-10

Effect of deficit irrigation on development and quality of muskmelon in plastic greenhouse.

YUAN Bao-zhong1**, QIAN Jing-jing1, BIE Zhi-long2, KANG Yao-hu3   

  1. (1College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 3Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)
  • Online:2014-08-10 Published:2014-08-10

摘要: 以甜瓜伊丽莎白品种为试验材料,在大棚甜瓜生殖生长期设置5个不同梯度的灌水量,甜瓜坐果后开始不同灌水处理,分别为T85(85% θfc,θfc表示田间持水量)、T75(75% θfc)、T65(65% θfc)、T55(55% θfc)、T45(45% θfc),研究不同亏缺灌溉程度下果实生长发育状况及对果实品质影响。结果表明:果实发育分3个阶段,分别为授粉后的7~10 d(果径增长速率3~5 mm·d-1)、10~19 d(1~2 mm·d-1)和19~35 d(<1 mm·d-1);果实增长速率随着补充灌水的进行而呈波动趋势,不同灌溉条件下补充灌水后产生不同程度的复水补偿效应,一定程度上弥补了水分胁迫对产量造成的影响;随着灌水量的减少,各处理与T85相比产量分别降低了0.60%、3.59%、10.18%和16.17%,单果重T75与T85无差异,其他各处理则与T85差异显著;随着亏缺灌溉程度的加深,果实横、纵径减小,果皮变薄,果形指数随之降低;可溶性固形物含量、边糖、心糖先升高后降低的趋势,以T75最高;可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白以T75含量最高,各处理差异不显著;Vc及游离氨基酸含量以T65最高,并与其他各处理差异显著;糖、酸含量以T75最高,T65、T55、T45均与之差异显著。在武汉地区可以T75为甜瓜生殖生长期的灌水指标,指导大棚甜瓜的水分管理。

关键词: 利益相关者, 生态风险, 生态移民安置区, 风险识别

Abstract: In this study, five water treatments (T85, T75, T65, T55 and T45, standing for 85%, 75%, 65%, 55% and 45% of the soil waterholding capacity, respectively) were set and a drip irrigation (10 mm each time) was triggered when the soil water level reached the designed lower limit of relative soil water content during the reproductive period of muskmelon to investigate the effects of water deficit on fruit development and quality in a plastic greenhouse. The results showed that there were three stages of fruit development, about 7-10 days (the growth rate of the fruit diameter was 3-5 mm·d-1) after pollination was the first stage, 10-19 days (1-2 mm·d-1) was the second stage, and 19-35 days (<1 mm·d-1) was the third stage. Fruit growth rates in the different water treatments showed a fluctuating trend with supplemental irrigation. Under different irrigation treatments, supplemental irrigation produced different compensation effects on yield due to the water deficit stress. With the decrease of irrigation water amount, the yield was decreased by 0.60%, 3.59%, 10.18% and 16.17% compared with T85. T75 had no difference in weight of single fruit compared with T85, but had significant differences with other treatments. The fruit diameter decreased, the fruit coat became lighter, and fruit shape index decreased with decreasing the irrigation amount. The soluble solid, limbic sugar and center sugar contents were raised firstly and then reduced, with the highest in T75. Soluble sugar and protein contents were the highest in T75, but no significant difference was found among the different treatments. Fruit Vc and free amino acid contents were the highest in T65, being significantly different with other treatments. The contents of sugar and acid were the highest in T75, being significantly different with those in T65, T55, and T45. Overall, T75 was suitable as a soil water lower limit for muskmelon at the reproductive period in plastic greenhouse in Wuhan.

Key words: ecological migrant settlement, stakeholders, risk identification, ecological risk