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• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

喀斯特山区公路石漠化边坡苔藓生态功能

贾少华1,李军峰1,王智慧2,张朝晖1**   

  1. (1贵州师范大学贵州省山地环境信息系统与生态环境保护重点实验室, 贵阳 550001; 2贵州师范大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550001)
  • 出版日期:2014-07-10 发布日期:2014-07-10

Ecological function of bryophyte on karst rocky desertification slopes along mountainous roads.

JIA Shao-hua1, LI Jun-feng1, WANG Zhi-hui2, ZHANG Zhao-hui1**   

  1. (1Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Area and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; 2School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China)
  • Online:2014-07-10 Published:2014-07-10

摘要:

苔藓植物是喀斯特山区公路石漠化边坡的主要植物,其水分保持及重金属富集研究较少。选取黔S305省道石漠化边坡典型路段久长开阳路段苔藓及其基质样品,研究苔藓对石漠化边坡水土保持能力及其对大气重金属(Pb、Zn、Cd)富集能力。结果显示:研究区内记录藓类植物5科12属33种,优势种为真藓、北地对齿藓、芽胞银藓、小酸土藓和缺齿小石藓,苔藓相对丰富度与石漠化边坡面积呈负相关。5种优势苔藓植物饱和吸水率为849%~1474%,成土率为464%~1025%,饱和吸水量是4.56×104~2.63×105 kg·hm-2,成土量为4.01×104~2.45×105 kg·hm-2。Pb、Zn、Cd在苔藓中的含量分别是基质中含量的2.25、3.98和2.49倍。基质中Pb、Zn、Cd的含量为16.86、54.58和0.30 mg·kg-1,均低于贵州省土壤环境背景值。相关分析显示,苔藓内Pb、Zn、Cd 3种元素与基质间相关性不显著(P>0.05)。喀斯特石漠化边坡苔藓不仅具有较强的水土保持能力,而且对汽车尾气中重金属元素富集能力强,对喀斯特山区公路两侧生态环境及其环境净化具有重要作用。
 

关键词: 地貌类型, 巩义市, 群落相似性, 重要值, 传粉昆虫多样性

Abstract:

Bryophyte is one of the main plant groups on karst rocky desertification slopes along mountainous roads. However, the effects of bryophyte on water retention and heavy metals’ enrichment are rarely known. Bryophyte samples and their substrates were selected from the rocky desertification slope along Provincial Guizhou305 Road to study the function of soil and water conservation of bryophyte and their adsorptive ability to heavy metal elements (Pb, Zn and Cd) from atmosphere. The results showed that 33 species belonging to 12 genera and 5 families were reported in the study area. The dominant species were Bryum argenteum, Didymodon fallax, Anombryum gemmigerum, Oxystegus cuspidatus and Weissia edentula. Relative abundance of bryophytes in the rocky desertification slope was negatively related to the rocky desertification area. The average rate of bryophyte’ saturated water absorption was from 849% to 1474%, and the average rate of pedogenesis was from 464% to 1025%. The saturated water absorption quantity was from 4.56×104 to 2.63×105 kg·hm-2, and the pedogenesis quantity was from 4.01×104 to 2.45×105 kg·hm-2. The concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd in bryophytes were 2.25, 3.98 and 2.49 times as high as in their substrates, respectively. The concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd in their substrates were 16.86, 54.58 and 0.30 mg·kg-1 respectively, being lower than the background values in Guizhou Province. Correlation analysis showed that the concentrations of Pb, Zn and Cd in bryophytes were not correlated significantly with those in their substrates (P>0.05). The results indicated that bryophytes not only had a strong ability to absorb and reserve water, but also had a high adsorptive ability of heavy metals from automobile exhausts. Therefore, they had an important significance for stabilizing road slopes in karst areas and environmental purification.
 

Key words: importance index, geomorphic type, community similarity, pollinator diversity, Gongyi City