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中国水稻节水灌溉技术的现状及发展趋势

姚林1,2,3,郑华斌2,3,4,刘建霞1,2,3,贺慧1,2,3,黄璜2,3,4**   

  1. (1湖南农业大学生物科技与技术学院, 长沙 410128; 2农业部华中地区作物栽培科学观测实验站, 长沙 410128; 3湖南省作物多熟制工程技术研究中心, 长沙 410128; 4湖南农业大学农学院, 长沙 410128)
  • 出版日期:2014-05-10 发布日期:2014-05-10

Current situation and prospect of rice water-saving irrigation technology in China.

YAO Lin1,2,3, ZHENG Hua-bin2,3,4, LIU Jian-xia1,2,3, HE Hui1,2,3, HUANG Huang2,3,4**   

  1. (1College of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; 2Observation Station of Crop Cultivation Science in Central China, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410128, China; 3Hunan Engineering Research Center for Crop Multiple Cropping, Changsha 410128, China; 4College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China)
  • Online:2014-05-10 Published:2014-05-10

摘要:

中国稻田因灌溉方式的不合理,造成了水资源浪费严重、水利用率低,加剧了水资源的短缺,加重了水资源的污染。水稻是中国最大的耗水作物,大约消耗了全国总用水量的50%,因此,减少中国水稻用水量和提高水稻水分利用效率有利于缓解中国水资源短缺及水资源污染的问题。本文系统综述了中国主要的4种节水灌溉技术,即“浅、湿、晒”灌溉技术、间歇灌溉技术、控制灌溉技术和蓄雨型灌溉技术;指出了水稻节水灌溉技术的节水增产机理,并分析了节水灌溉技术对水稻生长发育和稻田生态环境的影响。然而,这4种灌溉技术有一定的局限性,并且没有同栽培和高科技技术结合在一起使用,节水的效果并不是特别理想;同时,有些高效的节水技术长期使用可能降低土壤肥力。为此,新的节水灌溉技术成为今后水稻节水技术发展的必然趋势。
 

关键词: 线性光谱混合分析, 时空格局, 不透水表面指数, 于桥水库流域

Abstract:

Irrational irrigation patterns of paddy field in China have caused severe water resource squander and low water use efficiencies, aggravated the shortage and pollution of water resources. Rice cropping in China, accounted for approximately 50% of total national water consumption. Therefore, to reduce water consumption and improve China’s rice water use efficiency will help ease China’s water shortage and water pollution. At present, there are four major water-saving irrigation technologies in China, including “shallowwetsun” irrigation, intermittent submerged irrigation, controlled irrigation, and rainfall collection. This paper systematically summarized the four water-saving irrigation technologies, illuminated water-saving and yield-increasing mechanisms of these technologies, and analyzed the effect of watersaving irrigation technologies on rice growth and development and the paddy ecological environment. However, these four water-saving irrigation techniques have some limitations: there are no technologies (measures) of cultivation and high-tech matching with them; water-saving effects are not very ideal; long-term applications of some efficient water-saving technology may reduce soil fertility. Consequently, to find out new water-saving irrigation techniques will become an inevitable choice for rice water-saving technology development in the future.
 

Key words: Yuqiao Reservoir Watershed., linear spectral mixture analysis, impervious surface area index, spatio-temporal pattern