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长期不同施磷条件下玉米产量、养分吸收及土壤养分平衡状况

黄莹1,2,赵牧秋3**,王永壮1,2,鲁彩艳1,史奕1,陈欣1   

  1. 1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所林业与土壤生态国家重点实验室, 沈阳 110164; 2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; 3琼州学院生物科学与技术学院, 海南三亚 572022)
  • 出版日期:2014-03-10 发布日期:2014-03-10

Corn yield, nutrient uptake and soil nutrient budget under different long-term phosphorus fertilizations.

HUANG Ying1,2, ZHAO Mu-qiu3**, WANG Yong-zhuang1,2, LU Cai-yan1, SHI Yi1, CHEN Xin1   

  1. (1State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110164, China; 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3College of Biological Science and Technology, Qiongzhou University, Sanya 572022, Hainan, China)
  • Online:2014-03-10 Published:2014-03-10

摘要: 以设置在沈阳潮棕壤上的连续12年的田间定位磷微区试验为依托,研究在不同磷肥施用条件下(施用量和施磷频次),玉米产量、养分吸收以及土壤养分平衡状况。结果表明:磷素不是该研究区域玉米生产的主要限制因子;施肥促进养分吸收,其各处理间增加趋势为氮磷>氮>对照,并且一次性施磷肥方式优于每年施磷肥方式;与土壤本底值相比,施肥后土壤耕层(0~20 cm)全磷、速效磷、全氮、碱解氮呈增加趋势,由于长年没有外源钾的补充,土壤全钾和速效钾呈下降趋势,其各处理间下降趋势为氮磷>氮>对照;土壤速效磷在不施用肥料条件下有下降趋势,只施用氮肥条件下有增加趋势,只是两者变化并不很明显;在每年施磷条件下,土壤速效磷量呈缓慢上升趋势,而在一次性施磷条件下,施肥当年的土壤速效磷量激增,而后呈减小的趋势,即与每年施磷肥方式相比,一次性施磷方式更有利于建立土壤“宏大”有效磷库;为了保证土壤养分平衡,在施用足量氮肥的前提下,施用磷肥量为等于或略高于作物移出磷量,施氮磷比控制在1∶0.167到1∶0.5之间。

关键词: 土壤因子, 群落特征, 放牧强度, 高寒草甸

Abstract: A 12-year field micro-plot trial with meadow brown soil planted with corn was conducted in Shenyang to study corn yield, nutrient uptake and soil nutrient budget under the longterm impact of different P fertilization methods (application rate and frequency). The results showed that P was not the most important factor affecting the corn yield in this area. Fertilization increased nutrient uptake, with the treatment order of NP>N>CK, and P application once per six years was better than annual P application. Compared with the background values of soil, fertilization increased the concentrations of total P, OlsenP, total N and alkali hydrolyzable N in soil plough layer (0-20 cm) with the treatment order of NP>N>CK, while the concentrations of total K and available K declined with the treatment order of NP>N>CK due to long-term lack of K application. Soil OlsenP concentration decreased in the treatment with no fertilization and increased in the treatment with only N fertilization, but they both did not change obviously. The soil OlsenP concentration was increased gradually under the annual P application treatment. In contrast, when under the once per six years P application treatment, the soil OlsenP concentration was the maximum in the first year after P application, and decreased thereafter, which implied that P application once per six years was better than annual P application for the establishment of soil “grand” available P pool. On the premise of adequate N application, the quantity of P application was equal to or slightly higher than that of corn uptake with a N/P ratio between 1:0.167 and 1:0.5 for the balance of soil nutrient budget.

Key words: community characteristics, soil factor., grazing intensity, alpine meadow