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东亚-澳大利亚迁徙路线上鸻形目水鸟适宜生境变化:以崇明东滩迁徙停歇地为例

邹业爱1,牛俊英1,汤臣栋2,裴恩乐3,唐思贤1,路珊1,王天厚1**   

  1. (1华东师范大学生命科学学院, 上海城市化过程与生态恢复重点实验室, 上海 200241; 2上海市崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区, 上海 202183; 3上海市野生动物保护管理站, 上海 200233)
  • 出版日期:2014-12-10 发布日期:2014-12-10

Shorebird habitat changes in the East AsianAustralasian Flyway: A case study of the stopover site in Chongming Dongtan.

ZOU Ye-ai1, NIU Jun-ying1, TANG Chen-dong2, PEI En-le3, TANG Si-xian1, LU Shan1, WANG Tian-hou1**   

  1. (1School of Life Science, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China; 2Shanghai Chongming Dongtan National Nature Reserve Administration Division, Shanghai 202183, China; 3Department of Wildlife Protection Administration, Shanghai 200233, China)
  • Online:2014-12-10 Published:2014-12-10

摘要:

崇明东滩湿地是鸻形目水鸟东亚-澳大利亚迁徙路线上的重要迁徙停歇地。本文借助Landsat ETM+遥感影像对研究地区2000—2010年鸻形目水鸟适宜生境(海三棱藨草和滩涂湿地)的变化进行动态监测,并借助FRAGSTATS景观指数对适宜生境的景观特征进行分析。结果表明,鸻形目水鸟的适宜生境的总面积为10305.52 hm2,仅次于深水区湿地(15918.66 hm2)。海三棱藨草和滩涂湿地的总面积在2000—2006年缓慢增加(从10448.2 hm2增加到10696.5 hm2)。海三棱藨草和滩涂湿地面积的增加主要由深水区湿地转化而来,而其面积的减少主要被芦苇和互花米草湿地所取代。与2000年相比,海三棱藨草和滩涂湿地的景观异质性和破碎程度在2010年趋于增加(2000—2006年趋于增加,2006—2010年趋于下降)。在整个景观尺度上,所有湿地的异质性和破碎程度在2000—2006年趋于增加,而在2006—2010年趋于下降。从景观特征来看,研究地区鸻形目水鸟适宜生境的质量(生境组成/要素配置、复杂性、连接性和异质性等)在2000—2006年趋于下降,而在2006—2010年趋于增加。本文结果有助于指导湿地修复与营造策略的制定,以更好地实现在长江河口湿地保护迁徙鸻形目水鸟。
 

关键词: 更新层, 梭梭人工林, 主林层

Abstract: The Chongming Dongtan wetlands are an important stopover site for migratory shorebirds along the East AsianAustralasian Flyway. We used remote sensing images to map and assess migratory shorebird habitats and monitor temporal changes of these habitats during 2000-2010. In order to assess the quality of shorebird habitats, FRAGSTATS metrics were calculated. The results showed that the shorebird suitable habitats (Scirpus mariqueter grassland and mudflat) were the second largest habitats (followed by the deepwater habitats). The S. mariqueter grassland and mudflat habitats slightly increased from 10448.2 hm2 in 2000 to 10696.5 hm2 in 2006 and sharply decreased from 2006 to 2010 (9784.6 hm2). The S. mariqueter and mudflat habitats were mainly transferred from the deepwater habitats, while significantly transferred to the Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis habitats. The S. mariqueter and mudflat habitats became more fragmented and complex in 2010 compared with that in 2000. Specifically, such habitats first increased from 2000 to 2006 and then decreased from 2006 to 2010. The landscape patterns of all habitats became more heterogeneous and fragmented from 2000 to 2006 and less heterogeneous and fragmented from 2006 to 2010. This suggests that the quality of shorebird habitats decreased from 2000 to 2006 and increased after 2006 in terms of composition/configuration, complexity, connectivity, and heterogeneity. The findings of this study are expected to motivate the local community to develop wetland restoration or creation strategy to protect migratory shorebirds in the Yangtze estuary.

Key words: main stand layer, regeneration layer, Haloxylon ammodendron plantation