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东北雨养区地膜覆盖条件下种植密度对玉米田间土壤水分和产量的影响

孙仕军**,樊玉苗,许志浩,张旭东,迟道才   

  1. (沈阳农业大学水利学院, 沈阳 110866)
  • 出版日期:2014-10-10 发布日期:2014-10-10

Effects of planting density on soil moisture and corn yield under plastic film mulching in a rain-fed region of northeast China.

SUN Shi-jun**, FAN Yu-miao, XU Zhi-hao, ZHANG Xu-dong, CHI Dao-cai   

  1. (College of Water Resources, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China)
  • Online:2014-10-10 Published:2014-10-10

摘要:

在东北雨养农业区,地膜覆盖和玉米密植高产栽培技术得到广泛应用。本文探讨了不同种植密度条件下,地膜覆盖对玉米田间土壤水分及其产量的影响。研究设置60000、67500和75000株·hm-2 3个种植密度,分析玉米田间土壤水分动态及其产量变化。结果表明:3个种植密度下玉米全生育期土壤含水率变化趋势基本一致,在拔节期至灌浆期,种植密度对土壤水分的影响明显;同一密度下,覆膜玉米产量明显高于不覆盖玉米产量,密度在60000株·hm-2时增产率最大(14.3%);不覆盖模式下不同种植密度间水分利用效率差异不显著,覆膜模式下不同密度间水分利用效率差异显著;分析表明,提高玉米种植密度或者采用覆膜种植模式,均可以增加玉米产量,但同时也会导致土壤库存水量降低。
 

关键词: 养分流失, 旧水, 同位素, 水文路径, 喀斯特

Abstract:

High-yielding cultivation techniques such as plastic film mulching and high density planting are being used widely in northeast China in recent years, especially in those rain-fed agricultural regions. In this paper, the effect of plastic film mulching and planting density on corn yield and field soil moisture was studied in a rainfed agricultural region of Shenyang, Liaoning Province. The dynamic changes of soil moisture and corn yield were investigated in fields at three planting densities (60000, 67500, and 75000 plants·hm-2) with/without film mulching. Consistent trends in soil moisture were observed for the different planting densities through the whole growth period, i.e., an increase in soil moisture with the rainfall and a decrease in the drought time, especially during jointing stage and filling stage of corn. The corn yield was greater in the film mulching fields than that in the unmulching fields at a same planting density, and the greatest increment of yield appeared at the density of 60000 plants·hm-2 (by 14.3%). The influence of planting density on plant water use efficiency was more sensitive in the film mulching fields, compared to the un-mulching fields. Collectively, both increasing corn density and applying plastic film mulching can increase the corn yield, but lead to the decrease in soil water storage.
 

Key words: nutrient loss, old water, isotope, hydrological pathway, karst