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尖唇散白蚁的梳理清洁行为和食物交哺行为

邢连喜**,阴灵芳,孔小红,刘明花,王凯,苏晓红   

  1. (西北大学生命科学学院, 西安 710069)
  • 出版日期:2014-01-10 发布日期:2014-01-10

Observations of grooming and trophallaxis in a Chinese subterranean termite, Reticulitermes aculabialis Tsai et Hwang (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).

XING Lian-xi**, YIN Ling-fang, KONG Xiao-hong, LIU Ming-hua, WANG Kai, SU Xiao-hong   

  1. (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China)
  • Online:2014-01-10 Published:2014-01-10

摘要: 为了了解尖唇散白蚁梳理清洁行为和交哺行为,为防治该种白蚁提供依据,通过定性观察和定量测定的方法对尖唇散白蚁的梳理清洁行为和交哺行为进行了研究。结果表明:尖唇散白蚁的梳理清洁行为主要由4龄以上工蚁完成,4~6龄的若蚁也参与,但不及工蚁频繁;梳理清洁行为占到其昼夜活动时间的1.6%左右,当白蚁体表沾染污物时,如体表沾有染料或真菌孢子等,梳理清洁行为的频率增加,占用的时间也增多,人为用染料污染白蚁体表,梳理清洁行为可占到6.5%;尖唇散白蚁的交哺行为可发生于各个品级之间,其中工蚁是交哺行为中最活跃的品级,其他各品级均可接受来自工蚁的饲喂;6龄以上工蚁对工蚁的染料食物交哺测试显示,取食后24 h受喂工蚁获得的食物量仅占原取食工蚁取食量的5.86%,48 h饲喂者与受喂者消化道食物量大致持平,并随时间推移逐渐减少,受喂者消化道中的食物始终低于饲喂者。本研究结果支持散白蚁的交哺行为属于层叠式交哺模式的观点。

关键词: 干旱胁迫, 种子萌发, 水杨酸

Abstract: In order to understand the behaviors of grooming and trophallaxis in termite and apply the related knowledge to the control of termite, the grooming and trophallaxis of the Chinese subterranean termite, Reticulitermes aculabialis, were qualitatively observed and quantitatively measured. The results showed that grooming behaviors were performed mainly by 4-instar and above workers. Although 4-6 instar nymphs could also take part in grooming, they were less active than those of 4-instar and above workers. Grooming usually occupied a proportion of 1.6% time in all ordinary behaviors during 24 hours and, the frequency and session length of grooming would increase whenever the body surface was contaminated with other materials, including dye or fungus spores. The session length of grooming could account for up to 6.5% when termites were contaminated by dye. Workers were the most active castes in trophallaxis and, all the other castes could receive foods from workers. The transfer of dyed food from donors to recipients among 6-instar and above workers were measured in six days. The results showed that 5.86% of dyed food was transferred from donors to recipients in 24 hours, and the amounts of dyed food in the guts of donors and recipients were almost same in 48 hours. Afterwards, dyed food in both donors and recipients reduced over time, continually with less being kept in recipients than in donors during the experimental period. These results suggested that the pattern of distribution of materials via trophallaxis in R. aculabialis was trophallactic cascade.

Key words: drought stress, seed germination., salicylic acid