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广西两种能源植物种植对土壤动物多样性的影响

胡理乐1,娄雪冬1,2,刘文慧1,康冰2,李俊生1**   

  1. 1中国环境科学研究院, 北京 100012; 2西北农林科技大学, 陕西杨凌 712100)
  • 出版日期:2013-08-10 发布日期:2013-08-10

Effects of planting two energy crops on soil faunal community in Guangxi of South China.

HU Li-le1, LOU Xue-dong1,2, LIU Wen-hui1, KANG Bing2, LI Jun-sheng1**   

  1. (1Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; 2College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China)
  • Online:2013-08-10 Published:2013-08-10

摘要: 在广西武鸣地区以木薯(Manihot esculenta)平地为参照,于2012年7月从能源植物种类筛选(甘蔗(Saccharum officinarum)与木薯)、种植模式(套作与单作)和地形选择(坡地与平地)等方面,对主要能源植物甘蔗和木薯种植地进行了土壤动物和土壤环境质量的调查。结果表明:在甘蔗种植地,土壤动物的数量、多样性、生物学质量均出现了显著下降,特别是生物学质量下降幅度达53%(P=0.032);在木薯平地上套种花生(Arachis hypogaea)对土壤动物的数量、群落组成及生物学质量无明显影响,但生物多样性显著上升;地形选择对土壤动物的效果明显,坡地的土壤动物数量、生物多样性及生物学质量均出现普遍下降。这些结果表明,木薯比甘蔗更适合长期种植,且通过优化种植模式,选择适当地形还可以缓冲木薯种植过程对土壤生物多样性和土壤质量的负面影响,因此可初步断定在广西可以优先选择木薯作为一种长期发展的能源植物。

关键词: 形态适应性, 鳗草, 形态学参数, 生殖策略

Abstract: In this study, the energy crop effects of species types (cassava Manihot esculenta and sugarcane Saccharum officinarum), cropping patterns (intercropping and monoculture), and terrain selection (sloping land and flat land) on the soil fauna and corresponding soil environment quality were examined, taking the flat arable land planting with cassava as a reference for the cultivated land continuing operations in Wuming County, Guangxi Province. Planting sugarcane led to the significant decrease in the abundance and diversity of soil fauna and the corresponding soil biological quality, with the decrement of the soil biological quality reached 53% (P=0.032). Intercropping peanut (Arachis hypogaea) had no obvious effects on the abundance and diversity of soil fauna and the soil biological quality, but the biodiversity increased significantly, as compared to cassava monoculture. Terrain selection had obvious effects on the soil fauna. On sloping fields, the abundance of soil fauna, biodiversity, and corresponding biological quality were generally decreased. These results indicated that cassava could be more suitable for long-term cultivation than sugarcane. The negative impacts of cassava cultivation on the soil biodiversity and soil quality could be buffered through the optimization of cropping pattern and terrain selection. It could be predicted that cassava would be selected as a long-term prior energy crop in Guanxi.

Key words: Zostera marina, morphological parameter, morphology adaptability, reproductive strategy.