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东北地区玉米出苗速度与水热条件的关系及出苗期气象评估

马树庆1,王琪2,于海3,徐丽萍3,张铁林3,纪玲玲1**   

  1. 1吉林省气象台, 长春 130062; 2吉林省气象研究所, 长春 130062; 3榆树市农业气象试验站, 吉林榆树 131106)
  • 出版日期:2013-08-10 发布日期:2013-08-10

Maize emergence speed and its relationships with water and heat conditions in Northeast China and meteorological assessment of the maize emergence period.

MA Shu-qing1, WANG Qi2, YU Hai3, XU Li-ping3, ZHANG Tie-lin3, JI Ling-ling1**   

  1. (1Meteorological Observatory of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China; 2Institute of Meteorological Science of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062, China; 3Agrometeorological Observatory of Jilin Province, Yushu 131106, Jilin, China)
  • Online:2013-08-10 Published:2013-08-10

摘要:

2010—2011年,开展了田间水分胁迫和分期播种双因子组合试验,以揭示土壤水分和气温对东北地区春玉米(Zea mays)出苗速度的影响,建立基于土壤水分和气温的玉米出苗期评估指标和模式。结果表明:玉米出苗速度与土壤水分和气温的关系密切,在土壤水分较充足和气温偏高条件下,玉米出苗快,干旱和低温均推迟出苗期;播种出苗期间0~20 cm厚度的土壤湿度为(S)21%~25%、土壤有效水量为(H)50~70 mm、平均气温为(T)18~20℃玉米出苗快,播种后10 d左右出苗;0~20 cm厚度的土壤湿度为18%~21%、土壤有效水量为30~50 mm、平均气温为16.5~18 ℃,出苗速度下降,播种后18 d左右出苗;0~20 cm厚度的土壤湿度<18%、土壤有效水量<30 mm、平均气温 <16.5 ℃出苗缓慢,播种后25 d左右出苗,甚至不出苗;玉米播种至出苗间隔日数(D)与S/HT的关系方程为D=78.017-1.746S-1.642TD=60.776-0.288H-1.937T。这些上指标和模式可评估和预测出苗期,指导抗旱生产活动和气象服务。
 

关键词: 低浓度Cry1Ac, 棉大卷叶螟, 种群增长, 生长发育

Abstract: In 2010-2011, a twofactor experiment of water stress and sowing date for spring maize (Zea mays) was conducted to reveal the effects of soil moisture and air temperature on the spring maize emergence speed in Northeast China, and to establish the corresponding models for assessing and predicting the maize emergence period. The maize emergence speed had close relationships with the soil moisture and air temperature. The maize emerged faster under the conditions of more sufficient soil moisture and higher air temperature, while delayed under dry weather and low temperature. Under the conditions of the average soil moisture (S) in 0-20 cm layer being 21%-25%, soil available water capacity (H) being 50-70 mm, and average air temperature (T) being 18-20 ℃, the maize emerged about 10 d after sowing; at the S was 18%-21%, H was 30-50 mm, and T was 16.5-18 ℃, the emergence was prolonged to about 18 d; while at the S was <18%, H was <30 mm, and T was temperature 16.5 ℃, the emergence was prolonged to 25 d, and even, no seedling appeared. The relationships between the interval days from seeding to emergence (D) and the S, H, and T were D=78.017-1.746S-1.642T or D=60.776-0.288H-1.937T. These indicators and models could be applied in the assessment and prediction of the maize emergence period, and in the guidance of drought-resisting activities and weather services.

Key words: growth, population growth., low-concentration CrylAc, cotton leaf roller