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水氮耦合对小桐子生长和灌溉水利用效率的影响

王明克,杨启良**,刘小刚,戈振扬,杨具瑞,刘柯楠   

  1. (昆明理工大学现代农业工程学院, 昆明 650500)
  • 出版日期:2013-05-10 发布日期:2013-05-10

Coupling effects of watering and nitrogen fertilization on the growth and irrigation water use efficiency of Jatropha curcas.

WANG Ming-ke, YANG Qi-liang**, LIU Xiao-gang, GE Zhen-yang, YANG Ju-rui, LIU Ke-nan   

  1. (Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China)
  • Online:2013-05-10 Published:2013-05-10

摘要: 为了研究水氮耦合对于小桐子生长和灌溉水利用效率的影响,采用3个供水水平(W1,15.3 mm;W2,25.5 mm;W3,40.7 mm)和3个施氮水平(N1,0 g·kg-1;N2,0.3 g·kg-1;N3,0.6 g·kg-1)进行盆栽实验。结果表明:与W3相比,W1和W2处理的株高、茎粗、叶面积和总干物质量分别降低了61%和34%、57%和35%、46%和32%、49%和35%,根冠比在W2处理时达到最大值;对不同氮素处理,株高和叶面积最大值均出现在N2处理,而茎粗和根冠比则随着施氮量的增加而减小;与W3N3相比,W2N2处理节省灌溉用水38%,节约氮肥施用量50%,其株高、茎粗和总干物质量分别减少了12%、21%和12%,根冠比和叶面积分别显著增加了48%和16%,灌水后第2天、第3天和第4天的蒸腾量分别显著降低21%、15%和12%,从而使灌溉水利用效率提高了40%。

关键词: 麦后直播棉, 施氮量, 氮吸收利用, 产量

Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to study the coupling effects of watering and nitrogen fertilization on the growth and irrigation water use efficiency (WUEi) of Jatropha curcas. Three watering levels (W1, 15.3 mm; W2, 25.5 mm; W3, 40.7 mm) and three nitrogen fertilization levels (N1, 0 g·kg-1; N2, 0.3 g·kg-1; N3, 0.6 g·kg-1) were designed. As compared with those in treatment W3, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, and total dry mass in treatments W1 and W2 decreased significantly by 61% and 34%, 57% and 35%, 46% and 32%, and 49% and 35%, respectively, and the rootshoot ratio in treatment W2 reached the maximum. In nitrogen fertilization treatments, the maximum values of plant height and leaf area appeared in treatment N2, but the stem diameter and root-shoot ratio decreased with the increasing nitrogen fertilization level. As compared to treatment W3N3, treatment W2N2 (which saved the irrigation water and nitrogen fertilizer by 38% and 50%, respectively) decreased the plant height, stem diameter, and total dry mass by 12%, 21%, and 12%, and increased the root-shoot ratio and leaf area significantly by 48% and 16%, respectively, and decreased the transpiration significantly by 21%, 15% and 12% at the days 2, 3, and 4 after watering, respectively, leading to the WUEi of J. curcas increased significantly by 40%.

Key words: direct-seeding cotton after wheat harvest, nitrogen application rate, nitrogen uptake and utilization, yield.