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粤北大宝山矿区土壤和尾矿中重金属的淋滤释放危害分析

姜艳兴1,李德先2**,高洋1,张靖1,汪福顺1   

  1. (1上海大学环境与化学工程学院, 上海 200444; 2中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所, 北京 100037)
  • 出版日期:2013-04-10 发布日期:2013-04-10

Hazard assessment of soil- and mine tailings heavy metals leaching in Dabaoshan mining area of northern Guangdong, South China.

JIANG Yan-xing1, LI De-xian2**, GAO Yang1, ZHANG Jing1, WANG Fu-shun1   

  1. (1School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; 2Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China)
  • Online:2013-04-10 Published:2013-04-10

摘要:

为评估降水条件下矿区重金属再迁移特征,本文以广东大宝山地区土壤和尾矿样品为研究对象,在近中性条件下进行了淋滤实验,分析了重金属元素的溶出规律。结果表明:土壤样品中重金属离子淋出量显著小于尾矿中重金属离子淋出量;土壤和尾矿样品的淋滤规律基本相同,重金属离子实验初始溶出速率较快,随着时间的延长,溶出量逐渐下降,在100 h左右时达到稳定;从淋滤曲线得出重金属元素的淋失顺序为:Fe>Cu>Zn>Tl>Pb>Cd。年淋失量分析表明,在自然雨水的作用下,大量的重金属离子从尾矿等固体物质中淋失到当地河流、地下水系中,对当地居民生活造成严重的危害。
 

关键词: 森林土壤, 潜在可矿化碳, 易矿化碳, 碳水化合物, 季节变化

Abstract: In order to understand the remigration characteristics of the heavy metals in mining areas under the conditions of precipitation, soil and mine tailing samples were collected from the Dabaoshan mining area of northern Guangdong, and a leaching experiment was conducted under neutral conditions to analyze the release patterns of heavy metals. The leached amount of the heavy metals from soils was significantly smaller than that from the mine tailings, but the leaching patterns were similar. At initial stage, the heavy metals leached out rapidly, but with the increasing time, the leached amount decreased, and reached to a stable state at the time around 100 hours. The leaching rate of the heavy metals was in the order of Fe>Cu>Zn>Tl>Pb>Cd. The analysis of annual leaching rates showed that under the action of natural precipitation, great amount of heavy metals in the soils and mine tailings would leach to the local rivers and underground water systems, and seriously endanger the local residents.

Key words: forest soil, potentially mineralizable carbon, easily mineralizable carbon, carbohydrate, seasonal dynamics.