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近30年来江苏省滨海淤长型湿地景观动态

张明娟1**,王磊2,刘茂松3,徐驰3   

  1. 1南京农业大学园艺学院, 南京 210095; 2江苏省林业科学研究院, 南京 211153; 3南京大学生命科学院, 南京 210093)
  • 出版日期:2013-03-10 发布日期:2013-03-10

Landscape dynamics of aggradational coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province in the past three decades.

ZHANG Ming-juan1**, WANG Lei2, LIU Mao-song3, XU Chi3   

  1. (1College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; 2 Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 211153, China; 3 School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China)
  • Online:2013-03-10 Published:2013-03-10

摘要: 以4期(1975、1990、2002、2010年)Landsat影像为基础数据,研究了近30年来江苏省滨海淤长型湿地景观组成与变化情况。结果表明,1975—2010年,江苏省滨海淤长型湿地面积从2100.18 km2增长到3686.31 km2,增长了75.52%;其中人工湿地(农业/渔业用地及盐田)面积增长了2.46倍(从514.97 km2至1795.18 km2),而以芦苇(Pragmites communis)、碱蓬(Saueda spp.)、茅草(Aeluropus littoralis)、米草(Spartina spp.)为主的盐生植物群落及光泥滩构成的自然湿地略有增长,但占湿地总面积比例从74.59%下降至50.30%。湿地宽度迅速从1975年的8.64±1.64 km增长至2010年的(13.89±2.86) km,其中,人工湿地在多数地段均向海面有所延伸,而自然湿地在不同时期和地点消长互现。近30年来,湿地景观演化方向为光泥滩→盐生植物群落→农业/渔业用地;其中,农业用地多以围垦芦苇滩涂为主,而渔业用地大多以围垦碱蓬滩涂为主。

关键词: 遮荫, 紫花苜蓿, 地上生物量, 化学计量特征

Abstract: The landscape dynamics of the aggradational coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province in the past three decades were studied by using Landsat images acquired in four periods (1975, 1990, 2002 and 2010). The results showed that the area of the aggradational coastal wetland in Jiangsu Province increased from 2100.18 km2 to 3686.31 km2 (increased by 75.52%). The artificial wetland (including agricultural/aquatural land and salina) increased from 514.97 km2 to 1795.18 km2 (increased 2.46 times); while the natural wetland (halophyte communities dominated by Pragmites communis, Saueda spp., Aeluropus littoralis and Spartina spp., and bare intertidal mud flat) only increased a little, and the area percentage of natural wetland relative to the total wetland decreased from 74.59% to 50.30%. In the past three decades, the average wetland width increased from 8.64±1.64 km in 1975 to 13.89±2.86 km in 2010; the artificial wetlands extended to the sea in most locations, while the natural wetland extended and retreated in different periods and locations. The succession series of wetland landscape was intertidal mud flat→ halophyte communities→ agricultural/aquatural lands. The agricultural lands were mainly reclaimed from the P. communis communities, while the aquacultural lands were mainly reclaimed from the Saueda spp. communities.

Key words: shading, Medicago sativa, aboveground biomass, stoichiometric characteristics.