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长白山落叶松林下笃斯越桔群落土壤的主要矿质养分构成特征

陈英敏1,王贺新1**,李根柱1,徐国辉1,于冬梅2,苗迎秋1,牛丽华3   

  1. 1大连大学现代农业研究院, 辽宁大连 116622; 2辽宁省经济林研究所, 辽宁大连116030; 3中国科学院长白山森林生态系统定位研究站, 吉林延吉 133613)
  • 出版日期:2013-02-10 发布日期:2013-02-10

Characteristics of soil mineral nutrient composition in Vaccinium uliginosum community under Larix olgensis forest in Changbai Mountains of Northeast China.

CHEN Ying-min1, WANG He-xin1**, LI Gen-zhu1, XU Guo-hui1, YU Dong-mei2, MIAO Ying-qiu1, NIU Li-hua3   

  1. (1 Institute of Modern Agricultural Research, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, Liaoning, China; 2Liaoning Institute of Economic Forestry, Dalian 116030, Liaoning, China; 3 Changbai Mountain Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yanji 133613, Jilin, China)
  • Online:2013-02-10 Published:2013-02-10

摘要: 以长白山落叶松(Larixolgensis)林下笃斯越桔(Vaccinium uliginosum)群落为对象,调查了构成群落土壤各层次的主要矿质养分N、P、K、Ca、Mg、S含量及其构成特征。结果表明:长白山区落叶松林下笃斯越桔群落的根系主要生长在由苔藓、落叶松和笃斯越桔凋落物等积累形成的上层基质内,而在由火山灰构成的下层矿质土壤层内几乎没有根系生长。主要构成成分苔藓(泥炭蘚Sphagnum spp.和金发藓Plytrichum spp.)的全N、全P和全K含量均明显大于落叶松针叶,全Ca含量略小于落叶松针叶,全Mg和全S含量与落叶松针叶相近,说明苔藓枯死体是群落N、P、K养分的重要来源之一;笃斯越桔枯落叶在凋落物内的构成比例虽较少,但N、P、Ca、S含量均较高,也是群落养分的重要来源之一。按照土壤层次,从上至下依次划分为活苔藓层L、死苔藓层F、半分解层A1、泥炭层A2和火山灰层C。全N含量呈F>L>A1>A2>C的趋势,除F层略高一点外,基本上呈自上而下递减的趋势;全P含量为L≈F≈A1>A2>C;全K含量为L≈F<A1<A2<C;全S含量为L≈F≈A1>A2>C;全Ca含量为L≈F>A1;全Mg含量为L<F<A1。在具有矿质土壤的A2层和C层,除有效S以外,C层的N、P、K、Ca、Mg等可利用矿质营养均明显低于A2层,加之C层pH值较高,限制了笃斯越桔根系的生长。

关键词: 光合作用, 蒸散, 水分利用效率

Abstract: Taking the Vaccinium uliginosum community under Larixolgensis forest in Changbai Mountains as test object, an investigation was conducted on the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S and their composition characteristics in various soil layers. The root system of the V. uliginosum community was mainly distributed in the surface soil which was covered by moss and by the litters from Larix and Vaccinium, and few were in the mineral soil layer which was developed from pozzuolana. As compared with those in larch litter, the total N, P, and K contents in two moss taxa, Sphagnum and Plytrichum, were obviously higher, the total Ca content was slightly lower, whereas the total Mg and S contents were similar. These results suggested that dead mosses were the main sources of the N, P, and K for the V. uliginosum community. The litters of V. uliginosum, though their proportion in litter layer was small, still played an important role in nutrient supply, because of their higher contents of N, P, Ca, and S. From the top towards the bottom, the soil was divided into five layers, i.e., live moss layer (L), dead moss layer (F), semidecomposed layer (A1), peat layer (A2), and pozzolanic layer (C). The soil total N content showed a decline pattern in the order of F>L>A1>A2>C, the total P was in the order of L≈F≈A1>A2>C, the total K was L≈F<A1<A2<C, the total S was L≈F≈A1>A2>C, the total Ca was L≈F>A1, and the total Mg was L<F<A1. In A2 and C layers, the contents of available mineral elements N, P, K, Ca, and Mg, except for S, in C layer were obviously lower than those in A2 layer. In addition, the higher pH value in C layer than in A2 layer restricted the root growth of V. uliginosum.