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氰氨化钙土壤改良作用及其防治蔬菜土传病害效果

贲海燕1,2,崔国庆2,石延霞2,谢学文2,李宝聚2**   

  1. 1沈阳农业大学植物保护学院, 沈阳 100866; 2中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所, 北京 100081)
  • 出版日期:2013-12-10 发布日期:2013-12-10

Soil amelioration effects of calcium cyanamide and its efficiency in controlling vegetable crop soil-borne diseases.

BEN Hai-yan1,2, CUI Guo-qing2, SHI Yan-xia2, XIE Xue-wen2, LI Bao-ju2**   

  1. (1College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 100866, China; 2Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)
  • Online:2013-12-10 Published:2013-12-10

摘要:

研究了氰氨化钙日光土壤消毒对土壤pH、温度及铵态氮含量的影响及其对蔬菜土传病害的防治效果。结果表明,氰氨化钙日光土壤消毒过程中,其分解产物可使土壤pH上升1.5~2.0,铵态氮含量上升2.0 mg·kg-1,分解产生的热量可使地温升高1~3 ℃,土壤消毒时间以20~25 d为宜。田间试验结果表明,氰氨化钙可有效地抑制0~20 cm土层的黄瓜枯萎病菌,抑菌效果随消毒时间增加逐渐增强,消毒处理5 d,黄瓜枯萎病菌致死率为23.6%~31.1%,消毒处理15 d,致死率可达76.5%~84.7%;氰氨化钙田间用药量800~1200 kg·hm-2对根结线虫病表现出很好的防治效果,可使蔬菜根结指数降低60%~90%。

 

Abstract: This paper studied the effects of soil solar-disinfection by calcium cyanamide on the soil pH, temperature, and ammonium nitrogen content in vegetable field and the prevention effect of soil solar-disinfection by calcium cyanamide on the soilborne diseases of vegetable crops. During the process of the soil solardisinfection, the decomposed products of calcium cyanamide increased the soil pH value by 1.5-2.0 units and the soil ammonia nitrogen content by 2.0 mg·kg-1, and raised the soil temperature via heat generation by 1-3 ℃. The appropriate duration of this disinfection was 20-25 d. Field experiment results showed that calcium cyanamide could effectively inhibit the cucumber fusarium wilt in 0-20 cm soil layer, with the control effect being increased with increasing disinfection duration. The fatality rate of the cucumber fusarium wilt was 23.6%-31.1% when the disinfection duration was 5 d, and reached 76.5%-84.7% when the disinfection duration was 15 d. The 800-1200 kg·hm-2 field application rate of calcium cyanamide had the best control effect on vegetable root knot nematode, and made the vegetable root knot index decreased by 60%-90%.