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基于能值分析的环洞庭湖区农业生态系统结构功能和效率

朱玉林**,李明杰,龙雨孜,王茂溪,侯茂章,李晓敏   

  1. (中南林业科技大学经济学院, 长沙 410004; 中南林业科技大学农林经济研究中心, 长沙 410004)
  • 出版日期:2012-12-10 发布日期:2012-12-10

Structure, function, and efficiency of agro-ecosystem around Dongting Lake region of Hunan Province, South-central China based on emergy analysis.

ZHU Yu-lin1,2**, LIN Ming-jie1, LONG Yu-zi1,2, WANG Mao-xi1, HOU Mao-zhang1, LI Xiao-min1   

  1. (1Economics School of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China; 2Economy of Agriculture and Forestry Research Center of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China)
  • Online:2012-12-10 Published:2012-12-10

摘要: 为探究湖南环洞庭湖区农业生态系统的生态效率,揭示其中人与自然资源以及环境的相互关系,本文借鉴HT Odum的能值研究方法,以该系统2009年能值投入产出数据为依据,分析了能值结构、功能和效率。结果表明:研究期间,该系统经济较发达,机械化、现代化程度较高,其中,化肥能值和农业机械能值占比分别为47.13%和10.62%,能值密度为8.77×1011 sej·m-2·a-1;系统能值产出不平衡,种植业能值产出比重大,林业和渔业的能值产出比例相对偏低;人均产出能值的货币价值为31873.56元,远远大于该系统人均地区经济总产值24761.14元,表明系统产品的市场定价明显偏低,尤其是种植业产品,自然资源和环境的价值未得到市场体现;环境负载率为1.74,系统可持续发展指数为1.40;人口承受力为4.91×105人(该区域农业从业人口为3.15×106人),说明系统富有活力和发展潜力,自然资源和环境的压力不是很大,但系统人口承受力超载。总之,进一步缩小工农产品的价格剪刀差,继续对种植业产品实行价格保护,调整农业产业结构和产品结构,转移剩余劳动力是当前该区域农业政策的基本取向。

Abstract: In order to explore the eco-efficiency of agro-ecosystem around the Dongting Lake region of Hunan Province, and to reveal the interrelationships among the human, natural resources, and environment in the ecosystem, this paper analyzed the emergy structure, function, and efficiency of the agro-ecosystem, based on the emergy input-output data in 2009 and by using the emergy method of HT Odum. In the study period, this system was comparatively well developed in economy, and had a higher degree of mechanization and modernization. The fertilizer emergy and agricultural mechanical emergy accounted for 47.13% and 10.62% of the total, respectively, and the emergy density was 8.77×1011sej·hm-2·a-1. The system emergy output was unbalanced, planting emergy output was dominant, while forestry and fishery emergy output was comparatively low. The monetary value of per capita emergy output was 31873.56 yuan, far greater than the per capita gross output value of regional economy in this system (24761.14 yuan), which indicated that the product pricing (especially the planting product pricing) of this system was evidently on the low side, and the value of natural resources and environment was not well reflected by the market. The environmental loading ratio was 1.74, sustainable development index was 1.40, and population bearing capacity was 4.91×105 (the agricultural population in this region was 3.15×106), showing that the system was full of vitality and development potential, the pressure from natural resources and environment was not so high, but the system was under too much employment pressure and the population bearing capacity was overloading. In sum, to further reduce the price scissors between industrial and agricultural products, to keep on protecting the market price of planting products, to adjust the agriculture industrial structure and product structure, and to transfer the surplus labor force would be the essential orientation of agriculture policy in this region.