阶段性干旱及复水对小麦光合特性和产量的影响

生态学杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 2797-2803.

阶段性干旱及复水对小麦光合特性和产量的影响

刘丽平^1,2,欧阳竹^1**,武兰芳¹,李发东¹,刘鹏飞^1,2

(¹中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室，北京 100101； ²中国科学院研究生院， 北京 100049)

出版日期:2012-11-10 发布日期:2012-11-10

Effects of phased drought and re-watering on the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat.

LIU Li-ping^1,2, OUYANG Zhu^1**, WU Lan-fang¹, LI Fa-dong¹, LIU Peng-fei^1,2

(¹Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; ²Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

Online:2012-11-10 Published:2012-11-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在田间人工遮雨条件下，研究了持续、缓慢的干旱胁迫及复水对小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明：返青至成熟期充分供水（S₀）的小麦旗叶叶绿素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、光合参数和产量较高；返青至成熟期（S₃）或开花至成熟期（S₂）遭受干旱胁迫的小麦上述光合特征参数与产量显著下降；开花至成熟期复水（S₁）的小麦其上述光合参数与S₀相比表现出超补偿效应，但产量略低于S₀；S₁、S₂与S₃水分利用效率分别为S₀的143.2%、86.5%和97.3%；由此得出0～40 cm土层平均土壤相对含水量在返青至开花期保持在55%±5%，开花至灌浆期保持在70%±5%，可在获取一定产量的同时高效节水；由于水分和密度在产量表现上存在互作，得出0～40 cm土层平均土壤相对含水量在返青至开花期保持在55%±5%，开花至灌浆期保持在70%±5%，并采取675株·m^-2的密度是该地区最佳的水分密度组合。

关键词: 寒地水稻, CO₂和温度, OTC, CERES-Rice作物模型

Abstract: A rainproof and water controlling experiment was conducted to study the effects of phased drought and re-watering on the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat. Four treatments, i.e., 70%±5% soil moisture content from turning green to maturity (S₀), 55%±5% soil moisture content from turning green to anthesis together with 70%±5% soil moisture content from anthesis to maturity (S₁), 70%±5% soil moisture content from turning green to anthesis together with 55%±5% soil moisture content from anthesis to maturity (S₂), and 55%±5% soil moisture content from turning green to maturity (S₃), and two planting densities, i.e., 525 and 675 basic seedlings per square meter, were installed. In treatment S₀, the flag leaf chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and photosynthetic characteristic parameters and the grain yield were higher than those in other three treatments, and the photosynthetic characteristic parameters and grain yield were significantly higher than those in treatments S₃ and S₂. Though the photosynthetic characteristic parameters in treatment S₁ increased to some extent, showing an overcompensation effect, the grain yield presented a slight decrease, as compared to that in treatment S₀. The water use efficiency in treatments S₁, S₂, and S₃ was 143.2%, 86.5%, and 97.3% of that in treatment S₀, respectively. It was suggested that to maintain 55% moisture content in 0-40 cm soil layer from turning green to anthesis and maintain 70% moisture content in this soil layer from anthesis to maturity could be the optimal water management way for obtaining definite grain yield of winter wheat while high efficiently saving water. Due to the interaction between water and plant density on the grain yield of winter wheat, the optimal water management way suggested above and the plant density of 675 basic seedlings per square meter could be the optimum combination for winter wheat with the consideration of watersaving and highyielding.

Key words: cold-terra rice, CO₂ and temperature, OTC, CERES-Rice crop model.

刘丽平1,2,欧阳竹1**,武兰芳1,李发东1,刘鹏飞1,2. 阶段性干旱及复水对小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2012, 31(11): 2797-2803.

LIU Li-ping1,2, OUYANG Zhu1**, WU Lan-fang1, LI Fa-dong1, LIU Peng-fei1,2. Effects of phased drought and re-watering on the photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat.[J]. cje, 2012, 31(11): 2797-2803.

[1]	潘鸿, 曹吉鑫, 陈展, 尚鹤. CO₂浓度升高对木荷幼苗光合特征的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2022, 41(5): 865-872.
[2]	秦子晴,徐胜,齐淑艳,陈玮,何兴元,王义婧. 臭氧和增温对醉蝶花（Cleome spinosa）氧化伤害及抗氧化酶活的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(3): 830-837.
[3]	吕佳佳,王晾晾,石磊,王铭,连萍,朱海霞,姜丽霞,赵慧颖. 寒地水稻关键生育期涝害的过程雨量指标构建 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(5): 1402-1409.
[4]	王义婧,李岩,徐胜,何兴元,陈玮,吴娴. 高浓度臭氧对美国薄荷（Monarda didyma L.）叶片光合及抗性生理特征的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(3): 696-703.
[5]	熊冬兰1,2,李静4,徐胜2,3*,何兴元2,邓莉兰1,陈玮2,黄彦青2,付伟2. 臭氧胁迫对梓树光合生理特性的影响 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2017, 36(4): 944-950.
[6]	解保胜*,赵黎明,那永光,顾春梅,王士强,王丽萍,王贺. 温光条件与寒地水稻产量和源库特征的关系 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(4): 917-924.