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生态学杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (08): 2137-2144.

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

干旱地区斑块状植被格局形成的水分驱动机制及其研究进展

杜建会1,2,3,严平2,3**,董玉祥1   

  1. (1中山大学地理科学与规划学院, 广州 510275; 2 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 北京师范大学, 北京 100875;3 北京师范大学资源学院, 北京 100875)
  • 出版日期:2012-08-10 发布日期:2012-08-10

Water driving mechanism of patched vegetation formation in arid areas: A review.

DU Jian-hui1,2,3, YAN Ping1,2, DONG Yu-xiang1   

  1. (1School of Geographical Science and Planning, Sun YatSen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 3College of Resources Science & Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)
  • Online:2012-08-10 Published:2012-08-10

摘要: 斑块状分布是植被在水分匮乏环境中长期适应的结果,其演替过程可以作为生态系统响应气候变化和人类活动产生突变的“指示器”。本文通过对斑块状植被的起源、生态水文过程及其对干旱区植被恢复的启示等方面进行综述,提出了我国干旱区植被恢复中目前尚存在的主要问题。认为斑块状植被的形成可能受气候变化、人类活动、植物自身的生物学特性及其对环境胁迫的适应等方面的影响,但不是主要因素,植被斑块和裸地斑块之间在不同空间尺度的水分再分配是其在干旱半干旱地区形成并且能够维持稳定的关键。斑块状植被是一个高效的雨水集流系统,裸地斑块是整个系统径流的“源”,而植被斑块是整个系统径流的“汇”,保护植被斑块的同时维持一定面积的裸地对于整个生态系统的稳定都具有极其重要的意义。斑块状植被也是一个非常脆弱的生态系统,气候的剧烈波动以及人类的过度活动都可能导致生态系统功能丧失,最终产生不可逆转的影响,因此需要加以严格保护。

关键词: 棉花, CO2浓度, 氮肥, 生物量, 氮吸收, 土壤脲酶活性

Abstract: Patched distribution of vegetation is the result of the longterm adaptation and selfadjusting of plants in waterlimited environment, and the vegetation succession process can be used as the indicator of the abrupt change of ecosystems affected by climate change and human activities. This paper reviewed the origin of patched vegetation, related ecohydrological processes, and their implications on the vegetation restoration in arid areas, and discussed the existing problems in the vegetation restoration in arid areas. It was considered that the origin of patched vegetation could be affected by the climate change, human activities, reproduction characteristics of plant species and their adaptation to the environmental stress, but the key for the formation and stabilization of patched vegetation in arid areas was the water redistribution in the patches with and without vegetation in different space scales. Bare land is the “source” of the runoff in the whole ecosystem, while patched vegetation is a highefficient water harvesting system, being the “sink” of the runoff in the whole ecosystem. Therefore, to protect vegetation patch while keeping a certain area of bare land is vital to the water redistribution and vegetation restoration in arid areas. Patched vegetation is also a very fragile ecosystem, both the extreme climate change and the excessive human activities can contribute to the loss of the function of patched vegetation ecosystem, leading to an irreversible consequence, and thus, a strict protection is needed for patched vegetation.

Key words: cotton, CO2 concentration, nitrogen fertilizer, biomass, nitrogen absorption, soil urease activity.