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生态学杂志 ›› 2012, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (07): 1701-1706.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

灌溉对孕穗期冬小麦农田温度的影响

余卫东1,2**,成林1,2   

  1. 1中国气象局/河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室, 郑州 450003; 2河南省气象科学研究所, 郑州 450003)
  • 出版日期:2012-07-10 发布日期:2012-07-10

Effects of irrigation on winter wheat field temperature at booting stage.

YU Wei-dong1,2**, CHENG Lin1,2   

  1. (1 Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Ensuring and Applied Technique, China Meteorological Administration, Zhengzhou 450003, China; 2Henan Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Zhengzhou 450003, China)
  • Online:2012-07-10 Published:2012-07-10

摘要: 灌溉是抵御和减轻冬小麦晚霜冻危害的有效措施之一。针对黄淮地区2010年4月的一次强降温过程,通过郑州农业气象观测站的灌溉防霜试验,对比分析了冬小麦孕穗期田间空气温度和土壤温度特征。结果表明:在外界环境温度下降时,灌溉可以提高田间最低气温0.1~0.6 ℃,增温效应主要集中在地上5 cm处,灌溉可减少气温≤0 ℃的持续时间1~2 h;对土壤温度的影响随着深度而存在差异,0 cm土壤温度以增加为主,5~20 cm土壤以降温效应为主;灌溉减小了气温和0~5 cm土壤温度的变异系数和平均相对变率,而增大了10~20 cm土壤温度的变异系数和相对变率;灌溉引起的温度差异只在15 和20 cm土壤处比较显著,其余各层温度差异并不明显。

关键词: 自然保护区, 露营旅游地, 环境适宜度, GIS技术, 层次分析法

Abstract: Irrigation is one of the effective measures to resist and alleviate the impact of late frost disaster on winter wheat. Aiming at the strong cold weather process occurred in HuangHuai Area of Central China in April 2010, and through a field experiment with irrigation to prevent frost in Zhengzhou agrometeorological observation station, this paper analyzed the characteristics of air and soil temperature in winter wheat field at booting stage. The results showed that when the environmental temperature dropped, irrigation could increase the minimum air temperature by 0.1-0.6 ℃, compared with no irrigation. The effect of irrigation in increasing air temperature was mainly concentrated in the 5 cm zone above soil surface. In addition, irrigation could shorten the duration of air temperate ≤ 0 ℃ by 1-2 h. The soil temperature under irrigation varied with soil depth, being higher at 0 cm depth but lower at 5-20 cm depth, as compared with no irrigation. Irrigation decreased the coefficient of variance and relative variability of air temperature and 0-5 cm soil temperature, but increased the two indices of 10-20 cm soil temperature. The differences of soil temperature caused by irrigation were distinct at 15  and 20 cm soil depths, but not obvious at other soil depths.

Key words: natural reserve, camping site, environmental suitability, GIS technology, analytic hierarchy process (AHP).