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生态学杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (11): 2413-2420.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

亚高山林线优势种形态结构和竞争力对CO2浓度和温度升高的响应

侯颖1,杨红超1,王开运2**   

  1. 1商丘师范学院生命科学学院, 河南商丘 476000;2华东师范大学资源与环境科学学院, 上海市城市化生态过程和生态恢复重点实验室, 上海 200062
  • 出版日期:2011-11-08 发布日期:2011-11-08

Responses of morphological structure and competition capability of dominant plant species in subalpine timberline to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and air temperature. 

HOU Ying1, YANG Hong-chao1, WANG Kai-yun2**   

  1. 1Department of Life Science, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan, China; 2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration, College of Resource and Environment, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
  • Online:2011-11-08 Published:2011-11-08

摘要: 利用封顶式生长室模拟未来变化的气候条件,研究了亚高山林线优势物种岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)和4种草本植物形态与竞争指标对CO2浓度和温度升高的响应。结果表明: 处理2个生长季后,高CO2浓度条件下,岷江冷杉冠体积增加42%,比叶面积、比冠体积和比根长分别增加17%、65%和19%;温度升高使岷江冷杉冠形更纵向生长,冠体积增加22%,根冠比和比根长均比对照增加17%;二者同时升高使岷江冷杉冠体积增加79%,比叶面积、比冠体积和比根长分别增加17%、197%和18%。CO2浓度升高处理下糙野青茅(Deyeuxia scabrescen)的株高、基茎和每株叶片数增加,但比叶面积降低;甘肃苔草(Carex kansuensis)、东方草莓(Fragaria orientali)和紫花碎米荠(Cardamine tangutorum)的各项指标变化与青茅相反。温度升高下青茅、苔草、草莓株高、基茎和根冠比下降。二者同时升高条件下4种草本植物的基茎和每株叶片数增加,但比叶面积和根冠比降低。这表明,在CO2浓度和温度升高处理下,岷江冷杉形成有利于生长的冠层结构且单位质量的竞争力增加,而4种草本植物的形态结构和竞争力均受到不同程度的负面影响。

关键词: 长喙田菁, 多花黑麦草, 压青, 铅锌尾矿, 复垦

Abstract: By using enclosed-top chambers to simulate the future climate change, this paper studied the responses of the morphological structure and competition capability of subalpine dominant plant species (Abies faxoniana, Deyeuxia scabrescen, Carex kansuensis, Fragaria orientali, and Cardamine tangutorum) to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and air temperature. After two years exposure, the crown volume, specific crown volume, specific leaf area, and specific root length of A. faxoniana under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration increased by 42%, 65%, 17%, and 19%, respectively. Under elevated air temperature, A. faxoniana grew faster lengthways, its crown volume increased by 22%, and its root/shoot ratio and specific root length increased by 17%. The interaction of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and air temperature increased the crown volume, specific crown volume, specific leaf area, and specific root length of A. faxoniana by 79%, 197%, 17%, and 18%, respectively. Under elevated atmospheric CO2concentration, the D. scabrescen had an increase of plant height, basal diameter, and leaf number per plant but a decrease of specific leaf area, whereas the C. kansuensis, F. orientali, and C. tangutorum were in adverse. Under elevated air temperature, the root/shoot ratio of D. scabrescen,C. kansuensis, F. orientali, and C. tangutorum decreased, and the plant height and basal diameter of the herbs except C. tangutorum also decreased. The interaction of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and air temperature increased the basal diameter and leaf number per plant of the four herbs, but decreased their specific leaf area and root/shoot ratio. In sum, both elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and elevated air temperature promoted the formation of A. faxoniana crown, which was beneficial to the capture of resources and the enhancement of the competition ability per unit mass, but had definite negative effects on the morphological structure and competition ability of the four herbaceous species.

Key words: Sesbania rostrata, Lolium multiflorum, Burying, Pb/Zn tailings, Restoration