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生态学杂志 ›› 2011, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (08): 1766-1774.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

长白山云冷杉群落主要种群生态位特征

刘巍1,2,曹伟1**   

  1. 1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳 110016;2中国科学院研究生院,北京 100049
  • 出版日期:2011-08-08 发布日期:2011-08-08

Niche characteristics of main plant species in spruce-fir forests in Changbai Mountains.

LIU Wei1,2, CAO Wei1**   

  1. 1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;2Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 110049, China
  • Online:2011-08-08 Published:2011-08-08

摘要: 应用TWINSPAN将23块长白山云冷杉林样方划分为8个群落类型,以此作为一维资源位,应用Levins、Hurlbert生态位宽度公式和Pianka生态位重叠公式对长白山云冷杉林群落12种主要乔木、13种主要灌木和18种主要草本植物的生态位特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)乔木层中,臭冷杉、鱼鳞云杉具有最大的生态位宽度,它们是该区森林群落的主要建群种。灌木层中,瘤枝卫矛与几种槭树的生态位宽度较大。草本层中,粗茎鳞毛蕨、山酢浆草、二叶舞鹤草具有较大的生态位宽度。表明它们广布于云冷杉林郁闭的林冠下,对环境适应能力强。(2)生态位宽的种群可能产生较小的生态位重叠,生态位较窄的种群间也会产生较大的生态位重叠,这主要取决于物种的生物学特性和对环境资源的需求。(3)从生态位重叠分布格局来看,主要植物种群的生态位重叠较为普遍,但主要集中在较低水平,表明群落内因利用相同资源或占有同一资源而产生的种间竞争并不激烈,对环境资源的共享比较充分,长白山云冷杉群落处于相对稳定阶段。

关键词: 长江口, 弃土悬沙, 褶皱臂尾轮虫

Abstract: By using TWINSPAN, the 23 sampling plots of spruce-fir forests in Changbai Mountains were divided into eight community types, and, taking this division as one-dimensional resource state, the niche characteristics of 12 main trees, 13 main shrubs, and 18 main herbs in the spruce-fir forest communities were analyzed by using Levins and Hurlbert formulae of niche breadth and Pianka formula of niche overlap. In tree layer, Abies nephrolepis and Picea jezoensis had the biggest niche breadth, and were the main constructive species of the forest communities in this region. In shrub layer, Euonymus pauciflorus and Acer ssp. had larger niche breadth than other species. In herb layer, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Oxalis acetosella,and Maianthemum bifolium had higher niche breadth, showing that these species widely distributed under the dense canopy of the forests, and had strong capability to adapt to the environment. The populations with larger niche breadth could produce smaller niche overlap, while those with smaller niche breadth would have larger niche overlap, mainly depending on the biological characteristics of plant species and their demands for environmental resources. From the viewpoint of the distribution pattern of niche overlap, there generally existed niche overlaps among main populations, but the niche overlaps were mostly at low level, indicating that the interspecific competition generated by utilizing same resources or occupying specific resources was not intense, and the environmental resources could be sufficiently shared by different populations. The spruce-fir forest communities in Changbai Mountains were at relatively stable stage.

Key words: Yangtze estuary, Suspended silt, Brachionus plicatilis