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生态学杂志 ›› 2010, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (11): 2131-2138.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期对不同类型品种直播稻生长特性的影响

姚 义1,霍中洋1,2,张洪程1,2**,夏 炎1,倪晓诚1,戴其根1,2,许 轲1,2,魏海燕1,2   

  1. 1扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州 225009;2农业部长江流域稻作技术创新中心, 江苏扬州 225009
  • 出版日期:2010-11-08 发布日期:2010-11-08

Effects of sowing date on the growth characteristics of direct seeding rice.

YAO Yi1, HUO Zhong-yang1,2, ZHANG Hong-cheng1,2, XIA Yan1, NI Xiao-cheng1, DAI QI-gen1,2, XU Ke1,2, WEI Hai-yan1,2   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China|2Innovation Center of Rice Cultivation Technology in the Yangtze Valley, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
  • Online:2010-11-08 Published:2010-11-08

摘要: 以具有代表性的3种类型水稻品种为材料,通过分期播种试验,对不同播期条件下直播稻物质生产和产量形成进行了分析。结果表明:随着播期的推迟,3种类型品种水稻产量均显著下降,但变化程度不一;全生育期显著缩短;群体茎蘖消长动态逐渐趋于不平缓,此现象并随播期的推迟而加剧;叶面积指数在生长前期逐渐上升,生长中后期则相对下降;各阶段光合势呈降低的趋势;干物质累积在拔节期递增,在抽穗期和成熟期则递减,收获指数递减;各阶段群体生长率下降趋势显著。对直播稻安全适宜播期进行综合评价表明,该地区宜推广中熟中粳和迟熟中粳品种,可以使用早熟晚粳品种;各类品种在前茬滕茬时间允许的条件下尽可能早播,易取得高产,但从生育安全性来考虑,中熟中粳品种最迟要在6月下旬播种,迟熟中粳品种最迟要在6月中下旬播种,早熟晚粳品种最迟要在6月中旬播种。

关键词: 人工林生态系统, 生态恢复效应, 恢复距离指数

Abstract: Taking three representative rice cultivars as test materials, a field experiment was conducted to study the matter production and yield formation of direct seeding rice under the conditions of different sowing dates. With the delay of sowing date, the grain yields of the three rice cultivars all decreased significantly, but the decrements varied. Under the delay of sowing date, the whole period of growth and development shortened notably, the growth dynamics of stems and tillers became not smooth and intensified as the sowing date further delayed, the leaf area index increased gradually at early growth stage but relatively declined at the middle and late growth stages, the photosynthetic potential at various growth stages displayed a declining trend, the dry matter accumulation increased at jointing stage but reduced at heading and maturity stages, the harvest index descended, and the population growth rate at various stages showed a significant decreasing trend. It was suggested that considering the suitable secure sowing date, the rice varieties favorable to promote in the study region would be the medium-maturing medium japonica and late-maturing medium japonica, and the early-maturing late japonica varieties could also be grown there. To attain high yield, all the rice cultivars should be sowed as early as the time for harvesting previous crop allows. Yet, from the view point of the security for reproduction, the medium-maturing medium japonica cultivars should be planted no later than June 30, the late-maturing medium japonica varieties no later than June 25, and the early-maturing late japonica varieties no later than June 20.

Key words: Manmade forest ecosystem, Forest restoration effects, Restoration distance index