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生态学杂志 ›› 2010, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (08): 1662-1670.

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

外来入侵杂草反枝苋的研究进展

鲁 萍,梁 慧,王宏燕**,白雅梅,高凤杰,宋 戈,吴 岩,田秋阳   

  1. 东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨 150030
  • 出版日期:2010-08-06 发布日期:2010-08-06

Research progress on exotic invasive weed Amaranthus retroflexus.

LU Ping, LIANG Hui, WANG Hong-yan, BAI Ya-mei, GAO Feng-jie, SONG Ge, WU Yan, TIAN Qiu-yang   

  1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
  • Online:2010-08-06 Published:2010-08-06

摘要: 反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)原产于美洲,是广泛分布于我国的外来入侵杂草。本文就反枝苋的种子生物学特性、化感作用、表型可塑性、作为典型C4植物的生理生态特征、其与作物的竞争机制、在我国的入侵扩散过程及影响因子,以及其对增强紫外线辐射的生理生态响应和防除方法分别进行了评述。结果表明:反枝苋的一些生物学特性对其入侵成功具有重要作用,其种子数量大、种子萌发温度范围广、表型可塑性强、光合能力强、并可通过化感作用影响多种作物的生长,温度和湿度适应范围广,可以入侵多种生境类型。针对目前研究中的不足,应加强以下方面的研究:1)反枝苋对大范围环境梯度变化的适应机制;2)反枝苋对农田生态系统资源波动的响应;3)反枝苋的化感作用机制;4)反枝苋的综合控制技术。

关键词: 长白山, 森林沼泽生态交错带, 区域气候变化, 演替规律

Abstract: Amaranthus retroflexus is native to America but a widely distributed exotic invasive weed in China. This paper summarized the researches on its seed biological characters, allelopathy, phenotypic plasticity, eco-physiological characters as a typical C4 plant, competition with crops, invasive expansion process and limiting environmental factors in China, responses to increased UV-B radiation, and control methods. Some biological characteristics of A. retroflexus contribute to its strong invasion. A. retroflexus is a prolific seed producer, and its seeds can germinate over a wide range of temperature. A. retroflexus  has strong allelopathic effects on the growth of many crops, and exhibits high photosynthetic capacity no matter at high temperature and high light intensity or at low temperature and low light intensity. It can also show high phenotypic plasticity to the spatiotemporal changes of environmental conditions and adapt to a wide range of temperature and humidity, and thus, can invade many different types of habitats. Aiming at the deficiencies of the studies on A. retroflexus, following issues were proposed: 1) the adaptation mechanisms of A. retroflexus in response to large-range environmental gradient, 2) the responses of A. retroflexus to resources fluctuation in agroecosystem, 3) the allelopathic mechanisms of A. retroflexus, and 4) the effective integrated weed control techniques of A. retroflexus.

Key words: Changbai Mountain, Ecotone between forest and marsh, Regional climate change, Succession