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生态学杂志 ›› 2009, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (12): 2483-2488.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

珠三角地区四季草坪杂草群落组成及其生态位

岳茂峰1;冯〓莉1**;杨彩宏1;田兴山1;辛国荣2   

  1. 1广东省农科院植物保护研究所|广州510640;2中山大学生命科学院|广州510275
  • 出版日期:2009-12-10 发布日期:2009-12-10

Turf weeds community composition and niches in Pearl River Delta Region in four seasons.

YUE Mao-feng1;FENG Li1;YANG Cai-hong1;TIAN Xing-shan1;XIN Guo-rong2   

  1. 1Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China|2College of Life Sciences, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
  • Online:2009-12-10 Published:2009-12-10

摘要: 利用倒置“W”九点取样法,对珠三角地区5个城市32个草坪样点进行了季节动态调查。结果表明:春季草坪杂草群落结构以水蜈蚣(Kyllinga brevifolia)+三点金(Desmodium triflorum)+狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)+积雪草(Asiatic pennywort)为主;夏季以水蜈蚣+三点金+香附子(Cyperus rotundus)+伞房花耳草(Hedyotis corymbosa)为主;秋季以水蜈蚣+三点金+伞房花耳草+狗牙根为主;冬季以积雪草+水蜈蚣+天胡荽(Hydrocotyle sibthorpoioides)+三点金为主。运用改进的Levins生态位宽度指数和Pianka生态位重叠指数对四季优势杂草生态位进行分析,结果表明,大部分杂草生态位宽度在0.5以下,生态位宽度达到0.50的有水蜈蚣(四季均最高),三点金(秋季)、狗牙根(春季)、酢浆草(Oxalis pescaprae)(春季)。春季优势杂草的生态位重叠指数达到060的最多,冬季则最少。生态位重叠指数的最大值出现在夏季,分别是天胡荽和母草(Lindernia crustacea)、白花蛇舌草(Hedyotis diffusa)和瓶尔小草(Ophioglossum vulgatum)之间,可达0.85。

关键词: 毛竹害螨, 危害指数, 竹盲走螨, 爆发成因

Abstract: By using inverted ‘W’ sampling method, a field survey was conducted to study the seasonal dynamics of weed community in 32 plots of 5 cities in Pearl River Delta Region. The weed community was mainly consisted of Kyllinga brevifolia + Desmodium triflorum + Cynodon dactylon + Asiatic pennywort  in spring, K. brevifolia + D. triflorum + Cyperus rotundus + Hedyotis corymbosa in summer, K. brevifolia + D. triflorum+ H. corymbosa + C. dactylon in autumn, and A. Pennywort + K. brevifolia + Hydrocotyle sibthorpoioides + D. triflorum  in winter. The analysis of the weed niches in different seasons based on improved Levins niche breadth index and Pianka niche overlap index showed that most weeds had a niche breadth of < 0.5, and the weeds having a niche breadth of >0.5 included K. brevifolia (in four seasons), D. triflorum (in autumn), C. dactylon (in spring), and Oxalis pescaprae (in spring). For the dominant weeds, their niche overlap indices >0.60 were appeared most in spring and least in winter, and the maximum was appeared in summer, being 0.85 between H. sibthorpoioides and Lindernia crustacean, and Hedyotis diffusa and Ophioglossum vulgatum.

Key words: Pest mites, Damage index, Typhlodromus bambusae, Outbreaks