Abstract: By using species abundance statistical models (logarithmic series distribution model and lognormal distribution model) and niche models (broken stick model, overlapping niche model, and random assortment model), this paper studied the variations in the species abundance distribution pattern of three forest communities at different succession stages in Malan forest region of Ziwuling Mountain on the Loess Plateau. The study with species abundance statistical models showed that in the Betula platyphylla community of early succession stage, the species were rich but distributed unevenly; in the natural Pinus tabulaeformis community of middle succession stage, P. tabulaeformis was dominant, and the understory shrub and herb species were less and in centralized distribution; in the climax Quercus liaotungensis community, the species had a uniform and centralized distribution, and many gaps were formed by the standing dies. These three forest communities fitted the species abundance niche models well, indicating that in the process of succession, the species distribution was affected by many natural and anthropogenic factors, and it was unwise to only choose one niche model to study the species abundance of forest community.