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山西吕梁山南段植物群落的生态梯度

李晋鹏1,2;郭东罡2;张秋华2;上官铁梁1,2   

  1. 1山西大学黄土高原研究所, 太原 030006;2山西大学环境与资源学院, 太原 030006
  • 收稿日期:2008-02-02 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-11-10 发布日期:2008-11-10

Ecological gradients of plant communities in South Lüliang Mountains of Shanxi.

LI Jin-peng1,2; GUO Dong-gang2; ZHANG Qiu-hua2; SHANGGUAN Tie-liang1,2   

  1. 1Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;2Department of Environment Science and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
  • Received:2008-02-02 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-11-10 Published:2008-11-10

摘要: 吕梁山南段在中国植被区划上属暖温带南部落叶阔叶林亚地带向暖温带北部落叶阔叶林亚地带的过渡地带。采用TWINSPAN分类和DCCA排序法,从植物种、植物群落与环境因子之间的相互关系,对吕梁山南段植物群落的生态梯度进行了研究。结果表明:(1)TWINSPAN分类将74个样方划分为18个群丛。其中4个群丛为森林群落,14个群丛为灌丛。这18个群丛属南暖温带性质的次生植被类型, 代表了吕梁山南段植物群落的主要类型,这些群丛都不同程度受到人类活动的干扰;(2)样方的DCCA排序较好地揭示了该区域植物群落的分布格局与海拔、坡度、土层厚度、枯枝落叶层厚度、坡向和人类干扰6个因子的关系,其中制约植物群落结构及分布格局的主导因子是海拔高度和人类干扰,另外,坡向和土层厚度也对植物群落特征产生一定的影响;(3)对环境因子的相关分析表明,海拔、人类干扰、土层厚度和枯枝落叶层厚度之间存在着极显著的相关性,是影响分布格局的主导因子;(4)结合TWINSPAN和DCCA的分析表明,吕梁山南段植物群落表现出明显的垂直分布格局,在海拔690~1 100 m的低山和沟谷中主要分布着荆条和酸枣灌丛;海拔1 100~1 300 m阳坡和半阳坡主要分布着灌木状橿子栎林,并伴生有少量的侧柏和鹅耳枥;在1 300~1 570 m主要分布着以辽东栎为建群种的森林群落;(5)灌木状橿子栎林的分布,是该地区处于暖温带南部落叶阔叶林亚地带向暖温带北部落叶阔叶林亚地带的交错区的主要标志。

关键词: 海水养殖, 自身污染, 赤潮, 黄渤海, 富营养化

Abstract: South Lüliang Mountains of Shanxi is located in the ecotone between south and north warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest subzones, according to the China’s vegetation regionalization. By the methods of TWINSPAN and DCCA, this paper studied the ecological gradients of the plant communities in South Lüliang Mountains, in terms of the interactions between plant species and communities and environmental factors. Based on TWINSPAN, 74 quadrats were classified into 18 associations, in which, 4 associations were forest communities, and 14 associations were shrubs. These 18 associations, all in the criteria of secondary vegetation types in south warm temperate zone, represented the major plant communities in South Lüliang Mountains. Field survey also showed that the 18 associations had been subject to anthropogenic disturbances. DCCA ordination of the plots satisfactorily revealed the relationships between the distribution patterns of the plant communities and the environmental components (altitude, slop degree, soil layer depth, litter layer thickness, slope aspect, and human disturbance). The dominant factors controlling the distribution patterns of the plant communities were altitude and human activities, while slope aspect and soil layer depth also had effects on the community characteristics. There existed significant correlations among altitude, human disturbance, and litter layer thickness, which were identified as the dominant factors affecting the community distribution. The integration of the results from TWINSPAN and DCCA analyses clearly showed the vertical distribution of the plant communities in the study area. At the low hills and valleys with an elevation of 690-1 100 m, the dominant plants were Vitex negundo var. heterophylla and Zizinhus jujuba var. spinosa; at the southern and semi-southern slopes with an elevation of 1100-1300 m, mainly distributed Quercus baronii and less distributed Platycladus orientalis and Carpinus turczaniowii; and at the elevation of 1 300-1 570 m, the major communities were the forests dominated by Quercus wutaishanica. The distribution of Q. baronii was the main sign of the ecotone between south and north warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest subzones in this area.

Key words: Marine culture, Self-pollution, Red tide, Yellow Sea, Bohai Sea, Eutrophication