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华东地区耕作制度对积温变化的响应

李军1;高苹2;陈艳春3;陈惠4;杨太明5;黄敬峰6;金志凤7;彭代亮6   

  1. 1上海市气候中心, 上海 200030; 2江苏省气象科学研究所, 南京 210008; 3山东省气候中心, 济南 250031; 4福建省气象科学研究所, 福州 350001; 5安徽省气象科学研究所, 合肥 230006;6浙江大学农业遥感与信息技术研究所, 杭州 310029; 7浙江省气候中心, 杭州 310017
  • 收稿日期:2007-05-28 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2008-03-10 发布日期:2008-03-10

Relationships between farming system and effective accumulated temperature in East China.

LI Jun1; GAO Ping2; CHEN Yan-chun3; CHEN Hui4; YANG Tai-ming5; HUANG Jing-feng6; JIN Zhi-feng7; PENG Dai-liang6     

  1. 1Shanghai Climate Center, Shanghai 200030, China; 2Institute of Jia
    ngsu Meteorology, Nanjing 210008, China; 3Shandong Climate Center, Jinan 2
    50031, China; 4Institute of Fujian Meteorology, Fuzhou 3
    50001, China; 5Institute of Anhui Meteorology, Hefei 230006, China; 6Institute of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information Application, Zhejiang
    University, Hangzhou 310029, China; 7Zhejiang Climate Center, Hangzhou 310
    017, China
  • Received:2007-05-28 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2008-03-10 Published:2008-03-10

摘要: 根据华东地区1971—2004年农业资料和1961—2004年26个气象站日平均气温资料,应用统计分析方法,研究了作物耕作制度和积温变化的关系。结果表明:1961—2004年华东地区日平均气温稳定通过10 ℃初日提前、终日推迟,期间的有效积温呈稳步增加;浙江、上海和江苏等省市复种指数随日平均气温稳定通过10 ℃期间有效积温增加而减小,相关系数分别为-0.605、-0.582、-0.615(n=34),安徽、山东等省复种指数随日平均气温稳定通过10 ℃期间有效积温增加而增加,相关系数分别为0.655、0.441(n=34);华东地区全年粮食单位面积产量随日平均气温稳定通过10 ℃期间的有效积温增加而增加,福建、江西、浙江、上海、安徽、江苏、山东等省市日平均气温稳定通过10 ℃有效积温与全年粮食单位面积产量间的相关系数分别为0.602、0.370、0.454、0.761、0.518、0.621、0.489(n=34);随着热量增加粮食种植面积减少,而蔬菜、西瓜、甜瓜、经济林、油料等作物种植面积增加;农药和化肥施用量随热量增加而增加。

关键词: 棉花, 氮肥运筹, 水分管理, 知识模型

Abstract: Based on the 1971-2004 agricultural data of East China and the 1961-2004 daily mean temperature data from 26 local meteorological stations, this paper analyzed the relationships between farming system and effective accumulated temperature in East China. The results showed that in 1961-2004, the date of daily mean temperature rising steadily over 10 ℃ came earlier, while that dropping steadily below 10 ℃ was later, resulting in a steadily increased effective accumulated temperature. The multiple cropping indices in Zhejiang, Shanghai and Jiangsu decreased with increasing accumulated temperature, and the correlation coefficients were -0.605, -0.582, -0.615 (n=34), respectively; while the indices in Shandong and Anhui were in adverse, with the correlation coefficients of 0.655 and 0.441 (n=34), respectively. The grain yield per unit area increased with increasing accumulated temperature, and the correlation coefficients for Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong were 0.602, 0.370, 0.454, 0.761, 0.518, 0.621 and 0.489 (n=34), respectively. The planting area of grain crops decreased, while that of vegetables, melons, economic forests and oil plants increased with increasing accumulated temperature. The consumptions of fertilizers and pesticides also increased with increasing accumulated temperature.

Key words: Cotton, Nitrogen management, Water management, Knowledge model