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石羊河流域气候干湿状况分析及评价

刘明春1,2   

  1. 1中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所 甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点试验室, 兰州 730020;2甘肃省武威市气象局农业气象试验站, 武威 733000

  • 收稿日期:2005-09-28 修回日期:2006-03-28 出版日期:2006-08-10 发布日期:2006-08-10

Analysis and assessment of climatic dry and wet conditions in Shiyang River Basin

LIU Mingchun1,2   

  1. 1Key Laboratory of Arid Climate and Reducing Disaster, Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China;2Agrometeorological Station of Wuwei Meteorological Bureau, Wuwei 733000, China

  • Received:2005-09-28 Revised:2006-03-28 Online:2006-08-10 Published:2006-08-10

摘要: 分析了河西走廊石羊河流域用水区降水的年际时空分布和演化规律,用潜在蒸散、气候干旱指数、蒸降差计算了不同流域段的水分平衡收支情况。结果表明, 20世纪80~90年代降水呈增加趋势,但量较小;春、夏季降水增加,秋、冬季降水减少;潜在蒸散多年平均值为1 026.1 mm,并由上游向下游逐渐增大。20世纪70~90年代潜在蒸散呈增加趋势,平均增加4.1~43.6 mm;季节潜在蒸散大小顺序为夏>春>秋>冬,平均为403.5~521.6 mm;历年气候干旱指数平均为0.002,极值出现在下游的民勤地区,达0.581。20世纪70~90年代,气候干旱指数呈增大趋势,气候变得越来越干燥;年水分亏缺量平均为810.7 mm,表现为水分严重不足。最后,提出了合理利用水资源的建议,以科学应对气候变化,促进流域经济持续发展。

关键词: 水分胁迫, 玉米, 水流导度, 解剖结构

Abstract: In this paper, the spatial-temporal distribution and evolution trend of precipitation in the water-use area of Shiyang River Basin in Hexi Corridor was studied, and the water balance in different reaches of the Basin was calculated by using potential transpiration, arid index, and difference of transpiration and precipitation. The results showed that during the period of 1980s-1990s, the total precipitation in the Basin had a gradual but slight increase. The recipitation increased in spring and summer but decreased in autumn and winter, while the annual mean potential transpiration was 1 026.1 mm, with a gradual increase from upper to lower reaches. In 1970s-1990s, the potential transpiration had an increasing trend, with an annual average of 4.1-43.6 mm, but decreased in the order of summer> spring>autumn >winter, with an average ranging from 403.5 to 521.6 mm. The average arid index was 0.002, with a maximum of 0.581 in the lower Minqin region. During the past 30 years, the climatic arid index of this Basin increased, indicating a dryer and dryer climate, and the average annual lack of water was 810.7 mm, suggesting a severe deficit of water resources. A reasonable water resources deployment proposal was suggested to response this climatic change and to promote a sustainable regional economic development.

Key words: Water deficit, Maize, Hydraulic conductivity, Anatomic structure