中国东北区沼泽湿地景观的动态变化

生态学杂志

中国东北区沼泽湿地景观的动态变化

严登华¹;王浩¹;何岩²;张学霞³;鲁帆¹

¹中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所，北京 100044;²中国科学院，北京 100864；³北京林业大学水土保持学院，北京 100085

收稿日期:2004-10-13 修回日期:2005-10-02 出版日期:2006-03-08 发布日期:2006-03-08

Dynamic changes of mire landscape in Northeast China

YAN Denghua¹;WANG Hao¹;HE Yan²;ZHANG Xuexia³;LU Fan¹

¹China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100044, China;²Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100864, China;³College of Water and Soil Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100085, China

Received:2004-10-13 Revised:2005-10-02 Online:2006-03-08 Published:2006-03-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以GIS和RS技术为关键技术平台，分析了1986～2000年东北区沼泽湿地的动态变化特征。东北区沼泽湿地较为丰富，多年平均沼泽率为3.66%；但地区分布不均匀，最大沼泽率（乌苏里江区）是最小沼泽率（绥芬河区）的407.67倍；沼泽湿地分布面积整体上呈下降趋势。东北地区沼泽湿地多年平均分布重心位于东北区几何中心北东方向，距离为150.62 km，反应了东北地区沼泽湿地景观“北多南少”的整体态势；从分布重心的年均变化程度来看，东北地区沼泽湿地受干扰的程度在1986～1996年小于1996～2000年，但各分布区间的差异明显；从各分区沼泽湿地的景观类型的动态变化来看，东北区沼泽湿地的动态变化主要受到农业开发活动（包括牧业）的影响；从沼泽湿地景观格局的动态变化来看，东北地区多年平均斑块面积为1.99 km²，但呈增加趋势；从分维特征的角度来看，东北区沼泽湿地景观平均分维指数整体上呈增加趋势，表现为斑块形状渐趋复杂。

关键词: 有机地表覆盖物, 城市林业, 应用价值

Abstract: With GIS and RS techniques,this paper analyzed the dynamic changes of mire landscape in Northeast China during 1986～2000.Northeast China is rich in mire,and the average mire ratio (the ratio of mire area to the total statistical area) is 3.66%.But,the distribution of the mire is not symmetrical,e.g.,Wusuli region has the largest mire ratio,while Suifenhe region has the least one.The mire in Northeast China has a shrinking trend,and its distribution center is to the northeast of the geometrical center,with the distance of 150.62 km,which reflects that the holistic state of the mire distribution is richer in northern part and less in southern part.The yearly change of the distribution center showed that the disturbance intensity was lighter in 1986-1996 than in 1996-2000,and the transfer of distribution center was differed with each sub-region in Northeast China.As for the transformation of the landscapes,the dynamic change of the mire is strongly affected by the agricultural activities including pasturing.The multi-year average patch area is 1.99 km²,and has an increasing trend.The fractal index of mire landscape showed an increasing trend,and the patch shape of the mire became more and more complicated.

Key words: Organic ground surface mulch, Urban forestry, Application value

严登华;王浩;何岩;张学霞;鲁帆 . 中国东北区沼泽湿地景观的动态变化[J]. 生态学杂志.

YAN Denghua¹;WANG Hao¹;HE Yan²;ZHANG Xuexia³;LU Fan¹. Dynamic changes of mire landscape in Northeast China[J]. cje.