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新疆柽柳林地昆虫群落取食功能团结构及物种多样性研究

孟玲;李保平   

  1. 南京农业大学昆虫系, 南京 210095
  • 收稿日期:2005-05-08 修回日期:2005-09-26 出版日期:2006-02-10 发布日期:2006-02-10

Guild structure and species diversity of insects in saltcedar woodlands in Xinjiang,West China

MENG Ling,LI Baoping   

  1. Department of Entomology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095, China

  • Received:2005-05-08 Revised:2005-09-26 Online:2006-02-10 Published:2006-02-10

摘要: 用网捕和手捕法对不同季节新疆北部大小不同的阜康和呼图壁柽柳林地昆虫和螨进行了采集调查,采到标本52 066头,隶属11个目、50科、近100种。 根据营养级和取食方式归类出捕食者、寄生者、剥食者、吸食者、食花和种籽者、造瘿者和游历者等取食功能团。连续分布的阜康林地的总物种数多于孤立斑块的呼图壁林地,其中53种为两林地共有种。两林地各取食功能团物种数在群落中的比例基本相同,剥食、吸食和捕食性昆虫等取食功能团各约占群落总物种数的1/5以上。吸食和造瘿昆虫(螨)等个体数量在各时期均高于其他取食功能团,其次是剥食性的昆虫。在任一季节占昆虫群落总个体数量25%以上的物种有柽柳瘤瘿螨、柽柳白盾蚧、毛尾柽瘿蚊等,占5%~10%的物种有斯氏伞锥象、埃及柽麦蛾和柽柳条叶甲等。阜康林地昆虫群落的均匀度(J)和多样性(H′)等指数在季节前期和中期均高于呼图壁林地,但在后期则低于呼图壁林地,其优势度指数均低于呼图壁林地。

关键词: Cd和Pb污染, 烤烟, 根区, 土壤微生物, 品质

Abstract: In this paper,the insects and mites in two different sized saltcedar woodlands in Fukang (larger size) and Hutubi (smaller size) in the northern Xinjiang of West China were surveyed over the season.There were approximately 100 species in 50 families and 11 orders.According to the trophic level and feeding mode,seven guilds were established,i.e.,predator,parasitoid,stripfeeder,sap-sucker,gall-maker,flower-and seed feeder,and tourist.The species richness in Fukang was higher than that in Hutubi (81 to 71),with 53 species shared by both sites,but species proportion in each guild was similar at both sites.Predators,strip-feeders and sap-suckers contained more species,with each accounting for 1/5 of total species.Sapsuckers and gallmakers were most abundant,followed by strip-feeders.Most abundant species were Adiscodiapis tamariciocola (Diaspididae), Aceria tamaricis(Eriophyidae,Acarina),and Psectrocema barbatum(Cecidomyidae),whose numbers accounted for >25% of total individuals for each species,followed by Diorhabda elongata deserticola (Chrysomelidae),Coniatus steveni (Curculionidae) and Ornitholvolva heluanensis (Gelechiidae),whose numbers accounted for 5~10% of total individuals for each species.The Pielou's evenness and Shannon-Wiener diversity indices of insect communities were greater in Fukang woodland than those in Hutubi woodland during early and mid seasons,but less than those in Hutubi woodland during the later season.The Berger-Parker dominance index of insect community in Fukang was smaller than that in Hutubi.

Key words: Cd and Pb pollution, Tobacco, Root zone, Soil microbe, Quality