近50年北京植被对全球变暖的响应及其时效——基于遥感数据和物候资料的分析

生态学杂志 ›› 2005, Vol. ›› Issue (2): 123-130.

近50年北京植被对全球变暖的响应及其时效——基于遥感数据和物候资料的分析

张学霞¹, 葛全胜², 郑景云²

1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院, 北京, 100083;
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京, 100101

收稿日期:2003-06-30 修回日期:2004-05-08 出版日期:2005-02-10
通讯作者: 张学霞,女,1975年出生,博士.主要从事遥感应用与全球环境变化方面的研究.发表论文20余篇.
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(40371019);中国科学院研究生资助专项;中国科学院知识创新工程资助项目(KZCX3-SW-321和KZCX1-SW-01-09)。

Impacts and lags of global warming on vegetation in Beijing for the last 50 years based on remotely sensed data and phonological information

ZHANG Xuexia¹, GE Quansheng², ZHENG Jingyun²

1. College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2003-06-30 Revised:2004-05-08 Online:2005-02-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植被对全球变暖的响应方式及其程度问题是全球变化研究的焦点之一。利用1951～2000年的气温、降水等气候资料、1982～2000年的NOAA/AVHRR遥感数据和1951～2002年山桃始花的物候数据,分析了北京各气候参量与生态系统植被在年际和年内时间尺度上的变化规律及其关系。结果表明,北京近20年增温12℃,增温态势显著;过去50年中,降水的年际变化小于生长季内的波动幅度。年NDVI最大值(VP)、平均值(VM)的年际变化曲线呈波动中缓慢上升的趋势,表明植被的生长状况总体上在变好或生长季在延长。VP出现日期(VPD)提前,20世纪90年代比80年代提前45d。山桃始花物候期的分析表明,北京1988年以后春季开始日期提前963d。时间尺度不同,各个气候指标对各植被指标的影响程度不同:①年际时间尺度,年均温影响VP、VM的时效为1年;月际水平上,除温度影响VM的时效为2个月外,各气候参量影响VP、VM的时效为1个月。年际尺度上,温度影响山桃始花时效为2年;月际尺度上,2、3、4月份温度影响山桃始花日期。

关键词: 阿特拉津, 生物降解, 土壤微生物, 群落结构, ARDRA

Abstract: Global changes focus on the impacts and feedbacks of global warming on terrestrial ecosystem.Based on climate data (temperature,precipitation etc.) of 1951～2000,NOAA/AVHRR NDVI data of 1982～2000 and foliage phenology data of 1951～2002,impacts of short term seasonal and inter-annual climate changes on zonal ecosystem in Beijing were discussed.The results showed that climate changes presented increasing temperature and fluctuant precipitation in the past 50 years in the study area.Annual NDVI peak value and NDVI mean value could reflect preferably climate changes,and the trends of them appeared increased in some degree among oscillations in the past 20 years,which meant a better condition for vegetation growth or longer growing days in the study area.The VP date was earlier 4.5d in 1990s than that in 1980s.The advance of Prunus davidiana flowering phenophase showed that the spring came 9.63d ahead since 1988 in study region.Statistical analyses indicated that land surface temperature in Beijing has more significant relations with NDVI and the flowering phenophase than with precipitation as a whole.Different time scales led to different relations between climate indexes and growing conditions of plants.At the scale of a year,there were closer relations between AT,AP and NDVI; while at the scale of a month,there were closer relations between ET,EP and NDVI.

Key words: Atrazine, Biodegradation, Soil microorganisms, Community structure, ARDRA

中图分类号:

Q948.12

张学霞, 葛全胜, 郑景云. 近50年北京植被对全球变暖的响应及其时效——基于遥感数据和物候资料的分析[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, (2): 123-130.

ZHANG Xuexia, GE Quansheng, ZHENG Jingyun. Impacts and lags of global warming on vegetation in Beijing for the last 50 years based on remotely sensed data and phonological information[J]. cje, 2005, (2): 123-130.

参考文献

[1] 丁一汇.2002.我国气候变暖以冬季和北方最明显[N] .中国青年报.
[2] 中国科学院地理研究所.1965～1992.中国动植物物候观测年报(第1～11号)[M].北京:地质出版社.
[3] 朴世龙,方精云.2001.最近18年来中国植被覆盖的动态变化[J].第四纪研究,21(4):294～302.
[4] 江东,王乃斌,等.2001.植被指数-地面温度特征空间的生态学内涵及其应用[J].地理科学进展,20(2):146～152.
[5] 张福春.1995.气候变化对中国木本植物物候的可能影响[J].地理学报,50(5):402～410.
[6] 李本纲,陶澍.2000.AVHRR NDVI与气候因子的相关分析[J].生态学报,20(5):898～902.
[7] 李晓兵,史培军.2000.中国典型植被类型NDVI动态变化与气温、降水变化的敏感性分析[J].植物生态学报,24(3):379～382.
[8] 李晓兵,陈云浩,等.2002.气候变化对中国北方荒漠草原植被的影响[J].地球科学进展,17(2):254～261.
[9] 杜梨.2001.地球真的是越来越烫[N] .中国环境报,3月1日.
[10] 陈利军,刘高焕,等.2002.遥感在植被净第一性生产力研究中的应用[J].生态学杂志,21(2):53～57.
[11] 陈彦光,刘继生.2002.基于引力模型的城市空间互相关和功率谱分析[J].地理研究,21(6):742 752.
[12] 赵茂盛,符淙斌,等.2001.应用遥感数据研究中国植被生态系统与气候的关系[J].地理学报,56(3):287～296.
[13] 潘树荣,伍光和,等.1985.自然地理学(第二版)[M].北京:人民教育出版社,323～325.
[14] 魏凤英.1999.现代气候统计诊断预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,49～53.
[15] F.施奈勒.1965.植物物候学[M].北京:科学出版社,46～50.
[16] Alicia KB. 2001. NDVI and a simple model of deciduous forest seasonal dynamics[J]. Ecol. Model., 143: 43～ 58.
[17] Daleziosl NR, Domenikiotis C, et al. 2001. Cotton yield estimation based on NOAA/AVHRR produced NDVI [J]. Phys.Chem. Earth (B), 26(3) :247 ～ 251.
[18] Kjell AH, Stein RK, et al. 2001. Climatic change impact on growing season in fennoscandia studied by a time series of NOAA AVHRR NDVI Data [EB/OL] . http:// www. itek. norut. no/- stein/dr/nordic/info/IGARSS2001. pdf.
[19] Limin Y, Bruce KW, et al. 1998. An Analysis of relationships among climate forcing and time-integrated NDVI of grasslands over the U. S. Northern and Central Great Plains [J]. Remote Sens. Environ., 65:25～ 37.
[20] Senay GB, Elliott RL. 2000. Combining AVHRR-NDVI and landuse data to describe temporal and spatial dynamics of vegetation[J]. For. Ecol. Man., 128:83～91.
[21] Shabanov V, Zhou L, et al. 2001. Analysis of interannual changes in northern vegetation activity observed in AVHRR data during1981 to 1994[J]. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote sens., 40:115～ 130.
[22] Stephen JW, Thomas WC, et al. 2001. A multiscale analysis of LULC and NDVI variation in Nang Rong district, northeast Thailand[J]. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ., 85: 47 ～ 64.
[23] Thornthwaite CW. 1948. An approach toward a rational classification of climate[J]. Geogr. Rev., 38: 55 ～ 94.
[24] Toby NC, David AR. 1997. On the relation between NDVI, fractional vegetation cover, and leaf area index[J]. Remote Sens. Environ., 62:241 ～ 252.
[25] Tucker CJ, Slayback D, et al. 2001. Higher northern latitude NDVI and growing season trends from 1982 to 1999[J]. Int .J.Biometeorol., 45:184～ 190.