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生态学杂志 ›› 2005, Vol. ›› Issue (12): 1482-1486.

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红壤丘陵区农作物秸秆综合利用现状与展望

朱奇宏1,2, 黄道友2, 刘守龙1,2, 张文菊1,2, 苏以荣2, 吴金水2   

  1. 1. 华中农业大学资源环境学院, 武汉, 430070;
    2. 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态重点实验室, 长沙, 410125
  • 收稿日期:2005-05-21 修回日期:2005-09-20 出版日期:2005-12-10
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX3-SW-426)、国家自然科学基金重点项目(40235057)和国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(2002CB412503).

Status and prospects of crop straw comprehensive utilization in hilly red soil region

ZHU Qihong1,2, HUANG Daoyou2, LIU Shoulong1,2, ZHANG Wenju1,2, SU Yirong2, WU Jingshui2   

  1. 1. College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecology, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
  • Received:2005-05-21 Revised:2005-09-20 Online:2005-12-10

摘要: 根据各类作物产量及其相应的秸秆经济指数,计算出我国红壤丘陵区1993~2003年作物秸秆的年平均产量为33.5×1010kg,占全国作物秸秆总产量的52.1%。其中,稻草产量占该区作物秸秆总产量的53.5%,比其全国均值高出21.4个百分点;其它作物秸秆所占的比例,也与其全国均值有一定的差异。稻草和其它粮食类作物秸秆产量的年际变化与该区作物秸秆总产量的变化趋势基本一致,即1993~1997年呈逐年增长趋势,1997年后呈逐年下降趋势;而经济作物秸秆因作物种类不同,其产量的年际变化亦不相同。该区作物秸秆用于直接还田和用作工业原料的年均利用率高于全国平均水平,分别为32.0%与6.6%;用于生活取能和牲畜饲料的年均利用率低于全国平均水平,分别为22.0%与14.1%;未被利用的比例年均高达25.3%,且呈逐年上升趋势,由1993的20.6%增至2003年的29.6%,大量未被利用的作物秸秆往往就地丢弃或焚烧,浪费了有限的农业有机资源。为此,研究提出了调整秸秆利用结构、充分利用秸秆资源的基本措施与对策。

关键词: 化感效应, 腐殖质土壤, 盆栽, 灌草

Abstract: In this paper,the annual production of straw in China hilly red soil region from 1993 to 2003 was calculated,according to the economic indices of crop straw and crop yield.The averaged annual straw production was 33.5?1010 kg穣r-1,accounted for 52.1% of total crop straw production in China.In this region,rice straw accounted for 53.5% of total crop straw,which was 21.4% higher than the average countrywide value.The percentages of other kinds of crop straw in this region were also different with those of the whole country.The changes of rice and other grain crops straw production among years were basically the same to that of all the crop straw in this region,i.e.,an increasing trend was found from 1993 to 1997,but declined then.The changes of economic crops straw production varied with different kinds of crops.The utilization ratios of straw incorporation and industrial use in this region were 32.0% and 6.6%,respectively,which were higher than the average countrywide value,while those for fuel and forage were 22.0% and 14.1%,respectively,which were lower than the average countrywide value.The average percentage of wasted straw was 25.3%,and increased from 20.6% to 29.6% between 1993 and 2003,suggesting that a big amount of crop straw in this region was thrown away or burned,which was obviously a waste of restricted agricultural organic resource.Countermeasures were put forward in this paper to adjust the crop straw utilization framework status,and to enhance the utilization efficiency of crop straw.

Key words: allelopathic effect, humus soil, potting culture, shrubs and herbs.

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