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生态学杂志 ›› 2004, Vol. ›› Issue (1): 34-38.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

神府东胜煤田开发中诱发的环境灾害问题研究

王文龙1,2, 李占斌1, 张平仓3   

  1. 1. 中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室, 杨凌, 712100;
    2. 西北农林科技大学, 杨凌, 712100;
    3. 长江科学院, 武汉, 430010
  • 收稿日期:2002-08-24 修回日期:2002-11-06 出版日期:2004-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 王文龙,男,1965年生,在职博士生,副研究员.主持课题8项,参加编写专著1部,发表论文50余篇.
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX1-10-04);中国科学院“山地灾害”特别支持项目(9303043);陕西省科学院择优专项支持项目(B22055200)资助

Environmental disaster issues induced by coal exploitation in Shenfu-Dongsheng coal field

WANG Wenlong1,2, LI Zhanbin1, ZHANG Pingcang 3   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China;
    2. Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry , Yangling 712100, China;
    3. Yangtze River Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430010, China
  • Received:2002-08-24 Revised:2002-11-06 Online:2004-02-10

摘要: 神府东胜煤田地处晋陕蒙水蚀风蚀交错的生态脆弱带,开发中出现的环境问题已威胁到矿区生产安全。大量弃土弃渣堆积于河道与沟道,加剧了水土流失;大柳塔等矿发生8hm2的塌陷与地裂缝,引起地下水渗漏,水位下降2~3m,甚至断流;大量植物死亡,土地沙化日趋严重;人为滑坡、泥石流活动频繁;河道泥沙变粗近5倍,粗沙比例增加,淤积使过水断面减少了37.6%,行洪能力降低了2个数量级。通过对弃土弃渣集中排放,扰动土回填复垦,植树造林的措施建立矿区环境整治技术体系,根本改变生态环境使矿区生产持续稳定地发展。

关键词: 麦长管蚜, 蚜茧蜂, 空间格局, 地学统计学

Abstract: Shenfu-Dongsheng coal field is located in the fragile eco-environment belt of the wind-water erosion crisscrossing region in northwestern Shanxi, northern Shanxi,and southern Inner Mongolia. Environmental destruction in the coal exploitation was so severe that safe production had been threatened. With large quantity of waste soil and residue piled up in the course of river and ditch way, water and soil loss both remarkably rose.Seepage of the groundwater and water level decrease by 2~3 m, even runoff cutting-off were causedby the 8 hm2 ground sink in Daliuta coal mine zone.Great quantity of plant death, land should be piled for desertification, landslip and mud-rock occurred frequently.River sediment ation after the coal development was 5 times as thick as that before coal development. Proportion of thick sand in the river increased. River cross section reduced by 37.6%, and the ability of flood discharge lowered by 2 orders of magnitude. At the same time, the techniques for eco-system environmental administration should be set up in the coal field for the exploitation of coal mine and its sustainable development.

Key words: Macrosiphum granarium, Aphidius, Spatial pattern, Geostatistics

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