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生态学杂志 ›› 2004, Vol. ›› Issue (1): 20-23.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

笼养和半散放东北虎行为时间分配及活动规律差异的比较

刘振生1, 滕丽微2, 李枫1, 毕肖峰3, 王平4   

  1. 1. 东北林业大学野生动物资源学院, 哈尔滨, 150040;
    2. 中国科学院动物研究所, 北京, 100080;
    3. 广东省林业厅, 广州, 510173;
    4. 辽宁省西丰县林业局, 西丰, 112400
  • 收稿日期:2003-05-13 修回日期:2003-06-26 出版日期:2004-02-10
  • 通讯作者: 刘振生,男,1973年4月生,博士,讲师.主要从事野生动物生态与管理研究.发表论文14篇.
  • 基金资助:
    国家林业局科技指南研究项目(97-27)

Differences of time budget and activity rhythm of captive and semi-free Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)

LIU Zhensheng1, TENG Liwei2, LI Feng1, BI Xiaofeng3, WANG Ping 4   

  1. 1. College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China;
    2. Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China;
    3. Guangdong Forestry Bureau, Guangzhou 510173, China;
    4. Xifeng Forestry Bureau, Xifeng 112400, China
  • Received:2003-05-13 Revised:2003-06-26 Online:2004-02-10

摘要: 1998年3月~2001年4月,在哈尔滨动物园和黑龙江东北虎林园采用全事件取样法、扫描取样法和目标取样法,对笼养和半散放东北虎的行为时间分配和活动规律进行了比较研究。结果表明,在时间分配方面,笼养东北虎的休息远远高于半散放东北虎,而摄食、站立和其它行为则明显低于半散放东北虎,笼养和半散放东北虎的运动较为接近。在活动规律方面,虽然笼养和半散放东北虎均有2个运动的高峰期,但笼养东北虎的相对集中且变化幅度较大;半散放东北虎的休息有1个明显的高峰期和2个不明显的高峰期,与笼养东北虎的1个高峰期有很大不同;笼养东北虎的摄食仅出现在16:00~17:00,而半散放东北虎则在1d中均有发生,且在9:00~11:00和14:00~16:00有2个高峰期;笼养和半散放东北虎的站立和其它行为变化规律较为相似,但半散放东北虎的发生强度要远远高于笼养东北虎。通过对笼养和半散放东北虎各种行为进行的配对T检验,发现二者的休息、摄食、站立和其它行为存在极显著差异(P<0.001)。

关键词: 沙棘, VA菌根菌, 弗兰克氏放线菌, 联合共生, 盆栽

Abstract: Time budget and activity rhythm of captive and semi-free Amur tiger were studied at Harbin Zoo and Heilongjiang Amur tiger Park located in Harbin respectively from March 1998 to April 2001. All occurrence recording, instantaneous and scanning sampling and focal animal sampling methods were employed. Behaviors of each tiger were recorded every 5 minutes in each observation day. Six types of behavior were identified for the animals, i.e., moving, resting, eating, standing, and other behaviors during the study. Amur tiger spent more time in resting behaviors in captivity than those in semi-free situation. However, Amur tiger spent less time in eating, standing and other behaviors. Whether in captivity or semi-free situation, Amur tiger spent similar time in moving behaviors.Both captive and semi-free Amur tiger had two activity peak periods in one day.The peak periods in captivity centered on a narrow range and varied greatly. There was one significant resting peak periods and two uncertain peak periods in semi-free Amur tiger, while only one peak periods in captive Amur tiger. Eating behaviors of captive Amur tiger only occurred from 16:00 to 17:00. Conversely, semi-free Amur tiger had intermittent eating behaviors that occurred two peaks periods from 9:00 to 11:00 and from 14:00 to 16:00 during one day. Standing and other behaviors in captivity and semi-free environment were similar. Tigers in different environment showed stronger significant differences in time that was spent on resting, eating, standing and other behaviors (P<0.001).

Key words: Hippophae rhamnoides, VA mycorrhizae, Frankia, Symbiosis, Pot culture

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