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生态学杂志 ›› 2003, Vol. ›› Issue (6): 33-37.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

多花菜豆和蚕豆花的冗余与适应

李彦玲, 党承林   

  1. 云南大学生态学与地植物学研究所, 昆明, 650091
  • 收稿日期:2001-09-12 修回日期:2002-05-07 出版日期:2003-12-10
  • 基金资助:
    云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(0111136);云南省科技厅自然科学基金项目资助(1999C0009M)

Redundancy and adaptation of flowers of scarlet Phaseolus coccineusand and Vicia faba

LI Yanling, DANG Chenglin   

  1. Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
  • Received:2001-09-12 Revised:2002-05-07 Online:2003-12-10

摘要: 采用人工干扰方法,探讨多花菜豆和蚕豆花的冗余及其对不可测干扰的适应.结果表明,多花菜豆和蚕豆的花序、花的时间冗余和花的数量冗余,保证了总有一部分花序和花能避开外界因子的干扰而结荚.多花菜豆受干扰与未受干扰(对照)植株的花有效率均为2.2%;而受干扰植株的花序有效率为29.0%,比对照(1.9%)增加近1倍.对蚕豆连续摘除开放的花朵和连续摘除嫩荚这两种处理与对照的单株平均结荚数十分接近,分别为3.2、3.1和3.1.多花菜豆花序上部的花和蚕豆花序中较小的花常常凋落不结实,表现出花的自疏现象,所谓的无效花,但当分别只保留上部花和小花时,它们即可成为结荚的有效花.另外,研究表明,即使给多花菜豆和蚕豆提供充足的养分,每个花序的平均结荚数并无明显增加,说明养分不是产生大量无效花的主要原因.多花菜豆和蚕豆所开的大量花是一种备用,不是多余的或可有可无的,是对付外界随机干扰的一种适应;其花序和花的时间冗余以及花的数量冗余在个体繁殖和物种延续中起着关键性作用.

关键词: 斜纹夜蛾, 幼虫龄期, 核型多角体病毒, 疾病流行学, 病死时间分布, 互补重对数模型

Abstract: A study on the redundancy and adaptation of the flowers of both Phaseolus coccineus and Vicia faba was conducted by nipping some flowers, which simulated natural disturbances. The experiment showed that time redundancy of inflorescences and flowers and quantitative redundancy of flowers ensured that P. coccineusand and V. faba have some inflorescences and flowers which could avoid the disturbances of environmental factors and thus bear legumes. The percentage of valid flowers of control and treatment of P. coccineusare were both 2.2%. However, the percentage of valid inflorescences of treatment of P. coccineusis was 29.0%, which was nearly twice that of control(15.9%). As for V. faba, the mean number of legumes per plant of control was 3.1; the treatment by which the flowers of the earlier stage were nipped, was 3.2; and the treatment by which the legumes of the earlier stage were nipped,was 3.1. According to the experiment, the middle and upper flowers of an inflorescence of P. coccineusand and the smaller flowers of an inflorescence of V. faba, which usually wither and appear self-thinning were so-called'invalid flowers'. However, when they were maintained with the other flowers of the same inflorescence being nipped, they could bear legumes. The experiment also showed that the mean number of legumes per inflorescence of P. coccineus and that of broad bean did not increase, though enough nutrient had been provided for plant growth.There for nutrient was not a limitation foctor for an individual plant to give birth to plenty of invalid flowers. In conclusion, plenty of invalid flowers of P. coccineusand and V. fabaare were not a waste but an adaptation to random natural disturbances. Time redundancy of inflorescences and flowers and quantitative redundancy of flowers of P. coccineusand and V. faba play a key role in the survival and reproduction of a plant and the continuance of a population.

Key words: Spodoptera litura, Larval instar, Nuclear polydedrosis virus, Disease epizootic, Distribution of disease time, Complementary log log model

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