生态风险研究述评

摘要/Abstract

Abstract: The definition and current researches of ecological risk assessment(ERA)are reviewed in this paper. Concerning the microcosmic and macrocosmic aspects, the reasons of producing ecological risk(ER)are the releases of genetically modified organisms(GMOs)and ecological invasion of population. The fundamentals of ERA and practical method to prevent ER are discussed. The best means to assure biosafety are reinforcing ERA research and legislating on biology.

Key words: iron, cadmium, interaction, rice, lipid peroxidation, antioxidative enzyme.

李国旗, 安树青, 陈兴龙, 张纪林, 张久海, 谈健康, 朱学雷. 生态风险研究述评[J]. 生态学杂志, 1999, (4): 57-64.

Li Guoqi, An Shuqing, Chen Xinglong, Zhang Jilin, Zhang Jiuhai, Tan Jiankang, Zhu Xuelei. A Summary on Ecological Risk Assessment[J]. cje, 1999, (4): 57-64.

参考文献

[1] 钱迎倩等.生物技术与生物安全.自然资源学报,1995,10(4):322-331.
[2] 张尚通等.转基因微生物生态学及大田释放风险评价研究.应用生态学报,1994,5(3):325- 330.
[3] 钱迎倩.生物多样性与生物技术.中国科学院院刊,1994,(2):134-138.
[4] 张知彬.对生物科学研究加强管理和立法的建议.中国科学院院刊,1994,(2):257-259.
[5] 刘德明等.基因工程的负面影响.生物学杂志, 1996,(1):45-46.
[6] 康乐等.分子生态学的兴起、研究热点和展望. 中国科学院院刊,1995,(4):292-299.
[7] 李原等.二十世纪灾祸志.福州:福建教育出版社,1992.136-140.
[8] 陆浩聪等.环境预警与对策100题.北京:新时代出版社,1996.156-168.
[9] 侯文蕙.征服的挽歌美国环境意识的变迁. 北京:东方出版社.1995.101-110.
[10] 吴焰.横扫千军如卷席.森林与人类,1994,(2):27.
[11] 黄建辉.生态系统内物种多样性对稳定性的影响.见钱迎倩等主编.生物多样性研究的原理和方法.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1995:178 -186.
[12] 石宏之(张坤民译).地球环境报告.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1992,87-91.
[13] 曹明奎.生态系统控制论基础.见:马世骏主编. 现代生态学透视.科学出版社,1990.127-135.
[14] 季维智等.保护生物学的基本原理、方法和研究内容.见:钱迎倩等主编.生物多样性研究的原理和方法.北京:中国科学技术出版社,1995. 104-116.
[15] 王刚等.关于生态位的定义的探讨及生态位重叠计测公式的改进.生态学报,1984,4(2):119 -127.
[16] 余世孝等.物种多维生态位宽度测定.生态学报,1994,14(1):32-39.
[17] 尚玉昌.现代生态学中的生态位理论.生态学进展,1988,15(2):77-84.
[18] 朱春全.生态位态势理论与扩充假说.生态学报,1997,5(3):324-332.
[19] 郑师章等.普通生态学原理·方法和应用. 上海:复旦大学出版社,1994.202-204.
[20] 刘鸿雁.生态风险评估.科技日报,1995年1月 27日,第7版.
[21] 周德庆.微生物学教程.北京:高等教育出版社,1993,12-13.
[22] 刘建国等.扩展的生态位理论.见:马世骏主编. 现代生态学透视.科学出版社,1990.72-89.
[23] 中国科学技术信息研究所和联合国教科文组织, 世界科学报告1993.北京:科技文献出版社, 1995:230-233.
[24] Anonymous.Field testing of over 40 different trans2 genic crops.The Gene Exchange,1996,6(4):11.
[25] Bart house,L.W.et al.Assessing t he transport and fate of bioengineered microorganisms in t he envi 2 ronment.In Fikcel,J.et al(eds.).Biotechnology risk assessment,Peogamon Press,New York, 1986,109-128.
[26] Colwell,R.K.Potential ecological and evolutionary problems of introducing transgenic crops into t he environment.In Krattiger A.F,et al(eds.)Biosafety for sustainable agriculture.ISAAA/SEI. 1994,33-46.
[27] Cohen,A.N.Biological study:Nonindigenous species in a United States Esturary:A case study of t he biological invasions of t he San Francisco Bay and Delta.U.S Fish and Wildlife Service.Washington DC,1995.
[28] Carter D.E.et al.Environmental healt h and haz2 ardous waste issues related to t he U.S-Mexico border.Envi ron.Healt h Percept,1996,104(6): 590-594.
[29] Chapi lll,F.S.et al.Biotic control over t he func2 tioning of ecosystems.Sci.,1997,277(25):500- 503.
[30] Deshayes A F.Environmental and social impacts of GMOs:What have we learned from t he past few years?In:The biosafety results of fields test of ge 2 netically modified plants and microorganisms.Jones D.D(eds.),Proceeding of t he 3rd International Symposium,California,U.S.A,1994,5-19.
[31] Estes,J.A.Catastrophes and conservation:lesson from sea Otters and t he Exxon Valdez.Sci., 1992,254:1596.
[32] Elton,C.The ecology of invasions by animals and plants.Met huen,London,1958,1-25.
[33] EPA,Ecological risk assessment guidance proposed. Envi ron.Sci.Technol.,1996,30(11):472- 473.
[34] Fredrickson,J.K.et al.Terrestrial microcosm for evaluating t he environmental fate and risk associated wit h t he release of chemicals or genetically engi 2 neered microorganisms to t he environment.Toxic. S ubstances J.,1991,11:65-110.
[35] Krattiger,A.F.The field testing and commercial2 ization of genetically modified plants:A review of worldwide data(1986 to 1993/94).In Krattiger A.F.et al(eds.).Biosafety for sustainable agricul2 ture.ISAAA/SEI,1994,247-266.
[36] Kowarik,I.In plant invasions-General aspects and special problems.Pysek,P.et al(eds.).SPB Academic Amersterdam,1995,15-20.
[37] Lawlor,L.R,et al.The evolution and stabilit y of competing species.A m.N at.,1976,110:79- 99.
[38] Levin,M.A.et al.EPA developing met hods to as2 sess environment release.Bio.Technology,1987,(5):38-45.
[39] McDaniels,T.et al.Characterizing perception of ecological risk.Risk A nal.,1995,15(5):575- 588.
[40] Mikkelson,T.R.et al.The risk of crop transgene spread.N at ure,1996,380:31.
[41] Rissler,J.et al.Perils amidst t he promise,ecolog2 ical risks of transgenic crops in a global market,U 2 nion Concerned Scientists,1993,1-50.
[42] Marshll E.Clinton backs broad genetic safeguard. Sci.,1997,277(18):308-309.
[43] Robinson D.J.Environmental risk assessment of release of transgenic plants containing virus-de 2 rived inserts.T ransgenic Res.,1996,515:359- 362.
[44] Roush,E.Biology depart ments restructure.Sci., 1997,275(14):1556-1558.
[45] Shugart,L.R.et al.Biological markers of environ2 mental and ecological contamination:An overview, Risk A nal,1992,12(3):353-366.
[46] Sayler,G.S.et al.Applications of molecular tech2 niques to soil biochemistry.Soil Biochem.,1992,(7):131-172.
[47] Travis,C.C.et al.Interspecific scaling of toxicity data.Risk A nal.,1988,8(3):119-125.
[48] Travis,C.et al.The emergence of ecological risks assessment.Risk A nal.,1992,12(2):167-168.
[49] Vitousek,P.M.Biological invasion and ecological process:Toward an intergration of population biol 2 ogy and ecosystems studies.Oikos,1990,59:7- 13.
[50] William,H.et al.Agrochemical use on banana plantations in Latin American perspective on ecolog 2 ical risk.Envi ron mental Toxicology and Chem 2 ist ry,1997,16(1):91-99.
[51] Wayne,K.Risk from genetically engineered modi2 fied marine fish.T ransgenic Research,1997,6(1):59-67.
[52] Wittaker R H,et al.Niche:t heory and application. Dowden Huchson and Ross,Inc.,1975.1-20.
[53] Zhang Jian guang.Environmental hazards in t he Chinese public's eyes.Risk A nal.,1993,13(5): 509-514.