欢迎访问《生态学杂志》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

生态学杂志 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 1324-1330.doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202105.031

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

绿豆与夏玉米田3种优势杂草的竞争效应

刘小民1,李杰2,许贤1,赵铂锤1,李秉华1,刘少兴1,王贵启1*   

  1. (1河北省作物栽培生理与绿色生产重点实验室, 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所, 石家庄 050035;2河北省石家庄市发展和改革委员会, 石家庄 050011)  
  • 出版日期:2021-05-10 发布日期:2021-05-08

Competitive effects of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) on the growth of three dominant weeds in summer maize fields.

LIU Xiao-min1, LI Jie2, XU Xian1, ZHAO Bo-chui1, LI Bing-hua1, LIU Shao-xing1, WANG Gui-qi1*   

  1. (1Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology and Green Production of Hebei Province, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China; 2Shijiazhuang Development and Reform Commission, Shijiazhuang 050011, China).
  • Online:2021-05-10 Published:2021-05-08

摘要: 马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、牛筋草(Eleusine indica)、反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)是黄淮海夏玉米田普遍发生的3种优势恶性杂草。为研发出有效控制其危害的杂草绿色防控技术,本文以绿豆和马唐、牛筋草和反枝苋3种杂草为试验对象,采用De Wit取代法,研究了不同比例下,绿豆与3种杂草的竞争效应。结果表明:马唐、牛筋草和反枝苋的株高、生物量随着绿豆与杂草混种比例的增加而逐渐减少;绿豆与杂草混种比例越高,杂草的株高及生物量越小;当绿豆与杂草混种比例为3∶1时,马唐、牛筋草及反枝苋的株高分别较其单种时降低19.4%、17.9%和14.7%,干重减少71.7%、78.0%和38.2%;禾本科杂草马唐和牛筋草在各混种比例下,分蘖数均较其单种时显著减少(P<0.05),而阔叶杂草反枝苋仅在绿豆与其混种比例为3∶1条件下,侧枝数较单种时显著减少(P<0.05);绿豆与杂草混种时,马唐、牛筋草及反枝苋的相对生物量均显著小于1.0(P<0.05);随着绿豆混种比例的增加,杂草相对生物量逐渐减少;绿豆对3种恶性杂草均具有竞争力,其竞争能力随其密度的增加而增大;其中,绿豆对马唐和牛筋草的竞争平衡指数显著大于0(P<0.05),而绿豆与反枝苋仅在混种比例为3∶1时,竞争平衡指数显著大于0(P<0.05),表明绿豆对禾本科杂草马唐和牛筋草的竞争能力显著高于阔叶杂草反枝苋。

关键词: 绿豆, 杂草, 竞争效应, 竞争平衡指数

Abstract: Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), goosegrass (Eleusine indica), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus) are the three dominant weed species in summer maize fields. To get more scientific weed control strategies, we adapted the De Wit replacement series design to examine the competitive effects of mung bean on the three weed species under different mixed ratios. Results showed that plant height and biomass of crabgrass, goosegrass, and pigweed decreased with increasing mixed ratios of mung bean and weeds. Compared with the monoculture, plant height of crabgrass, goosegrass and pigweed decreased by 19.4%, 17.9%, and 14.7%, and dry weight decreased by 71.7%, 78.0%, and 38.2%, respectively, when the ratio was 3∶1. Under mixtures, the number of tillers of crabgrass and goosegrass was significantly reduced under different mixed ratios. However, side shoot number of pigweed decreased significantly only at the mix ratio of 3∶1 (P<0.05). Under different mixed ratios, the relative biomass of crabgrass, goosegrass and pigweed was lower than 1.0 (P<0.05). Relative biomass of weeds decreased with the increasing mixed ratio of mung bean. Our results indicated that mung bean was strong competitive to the three dominant weeds, and the competitive ability increased with its density. Competitive balance index between mung bean and crabgrass or goosegrass was significantly greater than 0 (P<0.05), but that between mung bean and pigweed was significantly greater than 0 only at the higher mixed ratio (3∶1) (P<0.05), indicating that competitive ability of mung bean to the grass weeds was greater than the broadleaved weeds.

Key words: Vigna radiata, weed, competitive effect, competitive balance index.